TABLE 1.
Plant products with inhibitory activity against coronavirus 3CL protease.
| Plant name [family] | Active principle | IC50 value | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. [Asphodelaceae] | Aloe emodin | 8.3 µM | Lin et al. (2005) |
| Citrus japonica Thunb. [Rutaceae] | Hesperetin | 217 µM | |
| Isatis tinctoria L. [Brassicaceae] | Sinigrin | 365 µM | |
| Indigo | 752 μM | ||
| Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold and Zucc. [Taxaceae] | Biflavone amentoflavone | 88.3 μM | Bae et al. (2010) |
| Apigenin | 280.8 μM | ||
| Luteolin | 20.2 μM | ||
| Quercetin | 23.8 μM | ||
| Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. [Leguminosae] | Bavachinin | 38.4 ± 2.4 μM | Kim et al. (2014) |
| Corylifo | 32.3 ± 3.2 μM | ||
| Isobavachalcone | 18.3 ± 1.1 μM | ||
| 4′-O-methylbavachalcone | 10.1 ± 1.2 μM | ||
| Neobavaisoflavone | 18.3 ± 1.1 μM | ||
| Psoralidin | 4.2 ± 1.0 μM | ||
| Feretia apodanthera subsp. apodanthera [Rubiaceae] | Betulinic acid | 10 μM | Wen et al. (2007) |
| Betula pendula Roth [Betulaceae] | Betulonic acid | >100 μM | |
| Curcuma longa L. [Zingiberaceae] | Curcumin | 40 μM | |
| Phyllanthus niruri L. [Phyllanthaceae] | Hinokinin | >100 μM | |
| Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. [Fabaceae] | Savinin | 25 μM | |
| Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze [Theaceae] | Theaflavin-3′-gallate (black tea) | 7 μM | Chen et al. (2005) |
| Tannic acid (black tea) | 3 μM | ||
| Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (black tea) | 9.5 μM | ||
| Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [Lamiaceae] | Baicalein | 0.39 µM | Liu et al. (2020) |
| Scutellarein | 5.80 ± 0.22 µM | ||
| Dihydromyricetin | 1.20 ± 0.09 µM | ||
| Quercetagetin | 1.27 ± 0.15 µM | ||
| Myricetin | 2.74 ± 0.31 µM | ||
| Rheum palmatum L. [Polygonaceae] | RH10 fraction | 38.09 ± 1.70 (μg/mL) | Luo et al. (2009) |
| RH11 fraction | 22.30 ± 1.26 (μg/mL) | ||
| RH12 fraction | 59.33 ± 6.52 (μg/mL) | ||
| RH121 fraction | 13.76 ± 0.03 (μg/mL) | ||
| RH122 fraction | 34.01 ± 5.68 (μg/mL) | ||
| RH124 fraction | 52.43 ± 4.52 (μg/mL) | ||
| RH125 fraction | 20.53 ± 3.20 (μg/mL) |