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. 2021 Mar 9;8:591830. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.591830

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Copyright © 2021 Yang, Chen, Li, Zhu, Chen, Hou, Cao, Zang, Li and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The protective effect of d-limonene on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats. (A) Photomicrographs of lung sections stained with H&E. (B) Photomicrographs of lung sections stained with Masson trichrome staining. (C) Alveolitis score of each group. (D) Statistics of the PF area in each group. (E) Measurement of lung coefficient in each group. (F) Determination of hydroxyproline content in lung tissues of each group. (G) Determination of TGF-β1 content in the serum of each group. (H) Determination of VEGF content in the serum of each group. (I) The mRNA expression levels of VEGF in each group detected by qRT-PCR. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 3 or 6), ^#comparison with the control group, and *comparison with the BLM group. ^##P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; and **P < 0.01.