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. 2021 Mar 9;9:644667. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644667

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Changes in mitochondrial morphology and respiratory function after differentiation of hiPSCs into hiPSC-derived CMs. (A) Transmission electron microscopy images of hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs illustrating the differences in mitochondrial morphology. Scale bar = 500 nm. hiPSC-CMs showed more mature, elongated, and large mitochondria with denser intramitochondrial cristae compared to those in hiPSCs. hiPSC-CMs had visible Z-bands and regular arrangement of myofibrils. Z, Z-bands, yellow arrows; MF, myofibrils; yellow arrows; Mit, mitochondria, red arrows. (B) Scheme of the mitochondrial stress test in the cells. (C) Two representative OCR traces of hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs in response to oligomycin, FCCP, rotenone, and antimycin A (n = 12). (D) Statistical analysis of the differences in basal respiration, maximal respiration, proton leakage, ATP production, and non-mitochondrial respiration (n = 12). *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, compared with hiPSCs, unpaired t-test.