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. 2021 Mar 9;9:644667. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644667

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Copyright © 2021 Ye, Zhang, Zhou, Tan, Xu, Yi, Yan, Xie, Zhang, Tian and Zhu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Activation of AMPK improved the metabolic maturation of hiPSC-CMs. (A) Western blot analysis of AMPK and phospho-AMPK expression in hiPSC-CMs treated with AICAR at various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM). AICAR (0.5 and 1 mM) effectively upregulated the expression of phospho-AMPK (n = 3). (B) CCK-8 assay was performed to assess viability of hiPSC-CMs treated with AICAR at various concentrations (n = 3). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 one-way ANOVA. (C) Western blot analysis of the effect of AMPK activation by AICAR on the protein expression levels of AMPK, p-AMPK, PGC-1α, PPARα, and ERRα (n = 3). (D) RT-qPCR analysis of the effect of AMPK activation by AICAR on the mRNA expression levels of PGC-1α, PPARα, and ERRα (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the control group, unpaired t-test.