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. 2021 Mar 9;9:644667. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644667

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

The effects of AMPK activation on the expression of the downstream metabolism-related targets. For (A,C), the same membrane was probed for the indicated proteins, with GAPDH used as the loading control. (A) Western blot analysis of the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related proteins (CPT-1α, CPT-1β, and SLC24a6) in hiPSC-CMs treated with AICAR (vs. control) (n = 3). (B) RT-qPCR analysis of the effect of AICAR on the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes (CPT-1α, CPT-1β, FABP3, FAT-CD36, SLC27a6, SLC25a20, LCAD, and MCAD) (n = 3). (C) Western blot analysis of the expression of mitochondrial OxPhos-related proteins (COX5b, COXIV, Cyt-c, C-S, and MPC1) in hiPSC-CMs treated with AICAR (vs. control) (n = 3). (D) RT-qPCR analysis of the effect of AICAR on the expression of mitochondrial OxPhos-related genes (COX5b, ATP5a, and Cyt-c) (n = 3). (E) Relative hexokinase enzyme activity in hiPSCs treated with AICAR or control (n = 3). (F) Lactate measurements of hiPSCs treated with AICAR or control (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the control group, unpaired t-test.