TABLE 1.
Effects of stressors on survival of endospores and exospores.
| Stressor | Endospore | Exospore |
| Wet heat (60°C) | Not determined | 60% survival after 10 min (Haiser et al., 2009) |
| Wet heat (80°C) | 50% survival after 30 h (Fox and Eder, 1969) | 0% survival after 10 min (Kawamoto et al., 1981) |
| UV 222 nm | 10% survival with 250 J/m2 (Clauss, 2006) | 10% survival with 127 J/m2 (Clauss, 2006) |
| UV 254 nm | 10% survival with 520 J/m2 (Clauss, 2006) | 10% survival with 85 J/m2 (Clauss, 2006) |
| Desiccation at 0% humidity | No effect on viability (Setlow, 2014) | 23% survival after 28 days at 25°C (McBride and Ensign, 1987) |
| Triple autoclaving (heat and pressure) | Survival at 121°C for 20 min, (O’Sullivan et al., 2015) | Not determined |