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. 2021 Mar 9;12:635962. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635962

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Copyright © 2021 Kaulfürst-Soboll, Mertens-Beer, Brehler, Albert and von Schaewen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Marker gene expression in wild-type, GNTI-RNAi, and MANII-RNAi fruit pedicels. (A) Close-up view of pedicels attached to green (top) or red (ripe) fruits of Micro-Tom wild-type (wt), GNTI-RNAi (#20), and MANII-RNAi (#18). Parts ca. 3 mm to both sides of the abscission zone (az) were used for RNA isolation. Longitudinally cut open pedicels of red fruits are shown below. Fruits were attached to the left. Bars = 2 mm. (B) Semiquantitative RT-PCR of abscission zones of GNTI-RNAi (#20) and MANII-RNAi (mix of #11 and #18) with green (G), yellow (Y), orange (O), or red (R) fruits was performed with two housekeeping genes as reference: ELF1a, translation elongation factor; TUB4, tubulin 4 (top). Marker genes were chosen based on known responses to auxin/ethylene and expression during certain developmental stages (abscission, fruit ripening). ARR15, Arabidopsis response regulator type A, auxin-responsive-negatively regulating cytokinin; ATPase (H⁺), auxin/sugar-responsive; GH3.2, IAA-amido synthetase, auxin- and ethylene-responsive; IAA9/17, AUX/IAA transcription factors: IAA9, auxin-responsive, ethylene-repressed; important for leaf morphology/fruit set; IAA17, auxin-responsive, ethylene-repressed; TAPG2/4, tomato abscission-related polygalacturonases; ARF2a/b, auxin response factors important for tomato fruit ripening (auxin versus ethylene); ERT10, tomato ripening-related marker.