TABLE 4.
Co-infections with tick-borne pathogens in questing ticks in Cluj-Napoca.
| Location | Environment | Tick species | Percentage of co-infected ticks from total questing ticks/location/species | Life stage (no. of specimens) | Pathogen species |
| USAMV Campus | Urban | I. ricinus | 5.8 (n = 17) | F (n = 1) | A.ph + Bo.g |
| USAMV Campus | Urban | I. ricinus | 11.8 (n = 17) | F (n = 2) | R.h + Bo.l |
| USAMV Campus | Urban | I. ricinus | 5.8 (n = 17) | F (n = 1) | R.h + Bo.s |
| Mănăştur Cemetery | Urban | I. ricinus | 8.3 (n = 12) | F (n = 1) | A.ph + Bo.l |
| Mănăştur Cemetery | Urban | I. ricinus | 25 (n = 12) | M (n = 2) F (n = 1) | R.m + Bo.l |
| Mănăştur Cemetery | Urban | I. ricinus | 8.3 (n = 12) | M (n = 1) | R.h + A.ph + Bo.m |
| Mănăştur Cemetery | Urban | H. punctata | 5.8 (n = 17) | F (n = 1) | R.c + Bo.l |
| Mănăştur Cemetery | Urban | H. punctata | 11.8 (n = 17) | F (n = 2) | R.h + Borrelia spp. |
| Mănăştur Cemetery | Urban | H. punctata | 5.8 (n = 17) | F (n = 1) | R.m + Borrelia spp. |
| Iuliu Haţieganu Park | Urban | I. ricinus | 5.3 (n = 19) | F (n = 1) | A.ph + Bo.a |
| Iuliu Haţieganu Park | Urban | I. ricinus | 5.3 (n = 19) | N (n = 1) | R.h + Bo.g |
| Iuliu Haţieganu Park | Urban | I. ricinus | 5.3 (n = 19) | N (n = 1) | R.m + Bo.v |
| Alexandru Borza Botanical Garden | Urban | I. ricinus | 13.6 (n = 22) | F (n = 1) M (n = 2) | R.h + A.ph |
| Alexandru Borza Botanical Garden | Urban | I. ricinus | 4.5 (n = 22) | F (n = 1) | R.h + Bo.v |
| Alexandru Borza Botanical Garden | Urban | I. ricinus | 4.5 (n = 22) | N (n = 1) | R.h + A.ph + Bo.a |
| Alexandru Borza Botanical Garden | Urban | I. ricinus | 4.5 (n = 22) | N (n = 1) | R.h + A.ph + Bo.b ss |
| Hoia forest | Peri-urban | I. ricinus | 7.7 (n = 13) | N (n = 1) | A.ph + Theileria spp. |
| Făget forest | Peri-urban | I. ricinus | 20 (n = 5) | N (n = 1) | A.ph + Theileria spp. |
| Făget forest | Peri-urban | I. ricinus | 20 (n = 5) | M (n = 1) | R.m + A.ph |
| Făget forest | Peri-urban | H. punctata | 10 (n = 20) | N (n = 2) | R.m + A.ph |
| Private garden | Urban | I. ricinus | 14.3 (n = 7) | M (n = 1) | A.ph + Bo.g |
| Private garden | Urban | I. ricinus | 14.3 (n = 7) | N (n = 1) | R.m + A.ph |
F, female; M, male; N, nymph; A. ph, Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Bo.a, Borrelia afzelii; Bo.g, Borrelia garinii; Bo.m, Borrelia miyamotoi; Bo.b ss, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto; Bo.s, Borrelia spielmanii; Bo.v, Borrelia valaisiana; Bo.l, Borrelia lusitaniae; R.h, Rickettsia helvetica; R.m, Rickettsia monacensis; R.c, Rickettsia conorii.