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. 2021 Mar 22;11:6482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85758-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Breast cancer histopathology and corresponding laser Raman spectra (n = 154, 5 patients). Quintile estimate were made by the clinical pathologist (DS) for 1 mm² areas surrounding the projected location of the Raman laser probe. (A) Shows the H&E stains for examples of the five tissue categories. Mean LRS spectrum for each of the five categories (n0 = 25; n25 = 12; n50 = 19; n75 = 49; n100 = 49) appear in (B). If a region is assigned to the 100% quintile it means that tumor cells are apparent in all portions of the image. If a region is assigned to the 0% quintile it means that there were no clusters of tumor cells apparent throughout the image. Quintile assignment was accomplished for 154 images and spectra acquired from five (5) patients. Average spectra are displayed along with 1-sigma error bars. Scale bars are 200 µm.