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. 2021 Mar 22;11:6550. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85894-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Annual mean domestic contributions of PM_2.5 and OP_tm*(F). (Top five panels) The annual mean domestic contributions of PM_2.5 simulated by Kajino²⁶ and anthropogenic OP_tm*(CA) and OP_tm*(F) in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ simulated in this study. (Bottom two panels) (%) (left) spatially averaged values and (right) maximum values in space of the domestic contributions over all of Japan and the six regions, as shown in Fig. 1. The map was generated using the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) v2.0.2,

available at http://cola.gmu.edu/grads.