Table 3.

Rate ratios with 95% CI of 10-unit difference in 5-year changes in HR or HRV on the incidence of CVD, all-cause mortality, or the composite of the two

		CVD		All-cause mortality		Composite
5-years change in:	Model	RR	P*	RR	P*	RR	P*
rHR (10 bpm)	1	1.08 (0.95–1.23)	0.258	1.01 (0.90–1.14)	0.855	1.03 (0.93–1.12)	0.602
	2	1.10 (0.96–1.25)	0.166	1.01 (0.90–1.14)	0.864	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	0.518
SDNN (10 ms)	1	0.96 (0.92–1.00)	0.058	0.97 (0.92–1.02)	0.250	0.97 (0.93–1.00)	0.046
	2	0.96 (0.93–1.00)	0.076	0.97 (0.92–1.02)	0.224	0.97 (0.94–1.00)	0.053
RMSSD (10 ms)	1	0.98 (0.95–1.00)	0.103	0.99 (0.95–1.03)	0.511	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.106
	2	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.150	0.99 (0.95–1.03)	0.538	0.98 (0.96–1.01)	0.155
LF power (10 ms2)	1	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.301	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.294	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.123
	2	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.371	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.342	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.172
HF power (10 ms2)	1	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.559	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.316	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.259
	2	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.604	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.289	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.272
LF/HF ratio (10 units)	1	1.00 (0.37–2.66)	0.997	1.06 (0.40–2.80)	0.913	0.97 (0.48–1.97)	0.941
	2	0.95 (0.36–2.52)	0.924	1.02 (0.39–2.65)	0.968	0.95 (0.47–1.90)	0.882
Total power (10 ms2)	1	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.424	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.420	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.240
	2	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.487	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.475	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.298

HF, high frequency; LF, low frequency; RMSSD, root mean square of the sum of the squares of differences between consecutive N–N R–R intervals; RR, rate ratio; SDNN, standard deviation of N–N R–R intervals.

^*P value for the test of the rate ratio being equal to unity (i.e., no effect).