Integration of the comprehensive preconception-to-pregnancy management plan for T1D to the universal maternal care framework. This figure depicts the integration of the comprehensive evidenced-based preconception-to-pregnancy management plan for women with T1D into the mandatory visits of the Chinese nationwide universal maternal care pathway based on the guidance of the WHO. A routine antenatal check includes measurement of maternal height, weight, blood pressure, uterus fundal height, and abdominal circumference, assessment of edema, and measurement of fetal heart rate. BP, blood pressure; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; FA, folic acid; FBC, full blood cell count; G, gestational; HGM, home blood glucose monitoring; NST, nonstress test; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; STD, sexually transmitted disease; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; uACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; US, ultrasound.