Table 1.
Differences in clinical characteristics at admission according to survival status.
| Variable | N | In-hospital mortality | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survived (N = 202) | Died (N = 64) | |||
| Age, years | 266 | 63 (15) | 79.3 (10) | < 0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 266 | 130 (64.4) | 50 (78.1) | 0.040 |
| Current smoking, % | 243 | 9 (5) | 3 (5) | 0.925 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 240 | 125 (22) | 133 (20) | 0.011 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 240 | 71 (15) | 76 (13) | 0.011 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 242 | 90 (77–110) | 85 (75–95) | 0.057 |
| PaO2* | 240 | 71 (60–86) | 59 (41–73) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2* | 254 | 290 (233–362) | 200 (150–276) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 252 | 132 (59) | 145 (51) | 0.145 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dl* | 258 | 13.5 (12–14.7) | 13 (11.6 -14.2) | 0.467 |
| Leukocyte count, cells/μl* | 259 | 6580 (4960–9140) | 6640 (5150–8940) | 0.860 |
| Lymphocyte count, cells/μl* | 257 | 1000 (680–1317) | 750 (508–1110) | 0.001 |
| Neutrophils count, cells/μl* | 256 | 4700 (3220–6940) | 5700 (3790–7320) | 0.164 |
| Platelets count, cells/μl* | 259 | 195 (149–247) | 172 (125–215) | 0.021 |
| INR* | 248 | 1.22 (1.15–1.32) | 1.23 (1.17–1.50) | 0.183 |
| Total Bilirubin, mg/dL* | 249 | 0.50 (0.36–0.74) | 0.55 (0.38–0.78) | 0.509 |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L* | 237 | 32 (23–46) | 39 (26.5–54.5) | 0.025 |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L* | 253 | 27 (19–48) | 25 (16–45) | 0.327 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL* | 255 | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 1.3 (1.05–1.91) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium, mEq/L* | 258 | 138 (136–140) | 138 (135–142) | 0.565 |
| Potassium, mEq/L* | 253 | 3.98 (3.73–4.28) | 4.15 (3.78–4.64) | 0.011 |
| D-dimer, mg/L* | 84 | 0.45 (0.22–1.04) | 0.74 (0.54–2.86) | 0.043 |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase, U/L* | 139 | 304 (216–427) | 385 (255–502) | 0.077 |
| Creatine phosphokinase, U/L* | 119 | 85 (48–166) | 218 (80–465) | 0.012 |
| High sensitivity troponin T, ng/L* | 200 | 12 (7–23) | 59 (33–119) | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL* | 222 | 0.11 (0.06–0.26) | 0.21 (0.12–0.69) | < 0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl* | 247 | 6.26 (2.60–13.60) | 8.68 (5.36–17.23) | 0.008 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 266 | 17 (8.42) | 19 (29.69) | < 0.001 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 265 | 16 (7.92) | 2 (3.17) | 0.191 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 266 | 36 (17.82) | 15 (23.44) | 0.320 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 266 | 81 (40.10) | 41 (64.06) | < 0.001 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 266 | 52 (25.74) | 34 (53.13) | < 0.001 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 266 | 14 (7) | 13 (20) | 0.002 |
| Diagnosis of dementia, n (%) | 266 | 13 (6) | 7 (11) | 0.234 |
| Diagnosis of Cancer, n (%) | 266 | 28 (14) | 11 (17) | 0.512 |
| Haematological malignancy, n (%) | 266 | 3 (1.49) | 3 (4.69) | 0.133 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 266 | 11 (5) | 12 (19) | 0.001 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 266 | 3 (1) | 2 (3) | 0.400 |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 266 | 4 (2) | 7 (11) | 0.002 |
P-values are derived from independent samples Student’s T Test or the Mann Whitney test for continuous variables and the chi squared test for categorical variables; *Median and interquartile range.