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. 2021 Mar 22;11:6518. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86032-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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VDR knockout abolishes transcriptomic vitamin D response. The VDR was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in THP-1 cells. VDR knockout (KO) cells and control (NTC) cells were treated with 1,25(OH)₂D₃ or solvent (EtOH) for 4 or 24 h and four biological repeats of RNA-seq have been performed. The numbers of DEGs by either the 1,25(OH)₂D₃ stimulation or the VDR knockout are displayed (a). The log2 fold changes in gene expression of the top 50 most significant DEGs in both VDR KO and NTC control cells demonstrates the almost complete loss of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ inducibility (b). There rarely is any effect of the VDR KO on the basal expression levels of vitamin D target genes, which is shown for some exemplary genes (c–e).