Table 2.
Comparison of complications in the hospitalized and non-hospitalized post-clearance cohorts. Complications in the hospitalized and non-hospitalized post-clearance cohorts, along with results from statistical significance tests stratified by time periods including: pre-COVID-19 infection, between SARS-CoV-2 infection and clearance, and post-COVID-19 infection. Phenotypes are identified in the physician notes via the neural network model with a minimum number of 3+ distinct mentions with a positive sentiment in the time horizon required to record a phenotype. Features which are significantly different between the two cohorts are highlighted in green. The columns are: (1) Time window: time window of interest, (2) Phenotype: phenotype of interest, (3) Hospitalized post-clearance: number of patients in the hospitalized post-clearance cohort with the phenotype recorded in the specified time horizon, (4) Non-Hospitalized post-clearance: number of patients in the non-hospitalized post-clearance cohort with the phenotype recorded in the specified time horizon, (5) BH-corrected p-value: Benjamani-Hochberg corrected p-values using Fisher's exact test for comparisons of proportions, (6) Relative risk (95% CI): Ratio of the phenotype incidence in the hospitalized post-clearance cohort to the phenotype incidence in the non-hospitalized post-clearance cohort, along with 95% confidence interval bounds. In cases where the relative risk cannot be computed because the incidence in the non-hospitalized cohort is zero, it is listed as “Undefined”.
| Time Window | Phenotype | Hospitalized Post Clearance (49 patients) | Non-Hospitalized Post-Clearance (173 patients) | BH-corrected p-value | Relative risk (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-COVID-19 | Acute kidney injury | 7 (14.3%) | 5 (2.9%) | 0.030 | 4.9 (1.7, 13.6) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Acute Lung Injury | 1 (2.0%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0.769 | 1.8 (0.3, 15.4) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Anemia | 13 (26.5%) | 12 (6.9%) | 0.007 | 3.8 (1.9, 7.6) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Cardiac arrhythmias | 14 (28.6%) | 17 (9.8%) | 0.015 | 2.9 (1.5, 5.4) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Heart failure | 7 (14.3%) | 7 (4.0%) | 0.066 | 3.5 (1.3, 9.1) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Hyperglycemia | 1 (2.0%) | 11 (6.4%) | 0.755 | 0.3 (0.1, 2.4) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Hypertension | 16 (32.7%) | 46 (26.6%) | 0.755 | 1.2 (0.8, 2.0) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Myocardial infarction | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.7%) | 1.000 | 0.0 (0.0, 9.5) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Pleural effusion | 3 (6.1%) | 7 (4.0%) | 0.755 | 1.5 (0.5, 5.6) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Pulmonary embolism | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.5%) | 0.755 | 0.0 (0.0, 4.7) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Respiratory failure | 1 (2.0%) | 5 (2.9%) | 1.000 | 0.7 (0.2, 5.6) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Sepsis | 2 (4.1%) | 4 (2.3%) | 0.821 | 1.8 (0.4, 8.8) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Septic shock | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.755 | 3.5 (0.4, 32.7) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Stroke / Cerebrovascular incident | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1.000 | 0.0 (0.0, 28.0) |
| Pre-COVID-19 | Venous thromboembolism / Deep vein thrombosis | 3 (6.1%) | 4 (2.3%) | 0.584 | 2.6 (0.7, 10.6) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Acute kidney injury | 7 (14.3%) | 10 (5.8%) | 0.318 | 2.5 (1.0, 6.0) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Anemia | 8 (16.3%) | 11 (6.4%) | 0.318 | 2.6 (1.1, 5.9) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Acute Lung Injury | 10 (20.4%) | 19 (11.0%) | 0.318 | 1.9 (0.9, 3.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Cardiac arrest | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1.000 | 0.0 (0.0, 28.0) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Cardiac arrhythmias | 14 (28.6%) | 29 (16.8%) | 0.318 | 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Heart failure | 4 (8.2%) | 7 (4.0%) | 0.525 | 2.0 (0.7, 6.4) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Hyperglycemia | 5 (10.2%) | 10 (5.8%) | 0.525 | 1.8 (0.7, 4.9) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Hypertension | 11 (22.4%) | 35 (20.2%) | 0.795 | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Myocardial infarction | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.525 | 3.5 (0.4, 32.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Pleural effusion | 13 (26.5%) | 12 (6.9%) | 0.007 | 3.8 (1.9, 7.6) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Pulmonary embolism | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.3%) | 0.712 | 0.0 (0.0, 7.1) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Respiratory failure | 8 (16.3%) | 16 (9.2%) | 0.437 | 1.8 (0.8, 3.9) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Sepsis | 3 (6.1%) | 5 (2.9%) | 0.525 | 2.1 (0.6, 8.1) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Septic shock | 3 (6.1%) | 3 (1.7%) | 0.328 | 3.5 (0.8, 14.8) |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive phase | Venous thromboembolism / Deep vein thrombosis | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.5%) | 0.525 | 0.0 (0.0, 4.7) |
| Post-viral clearance | Acute kidney injury | 6 (12.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.002 | 21.2 (2.6, 86.5) |
| Post-viral clearance | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Acute Lung Injury | 6 (12.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0.006 | 10.6 (2.2, 37.6) |
| Post-viral clearance | Anemia | 8 (16.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | <0.001 | 28.2 (3.6, 108.7) |
| Post-viral clearance | Cardiac arrhythmias | 4 (8.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.021 | 14.1 (1.7, 64.5) |
| Post-viral clearance | Heart failure | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.067 | Undefined (0.8, Infinity) |
| Post-viral clearance | Hyperglycemia | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.067 | Undefined (0.8, Infinity) |
| Post-viral clearance | Hypertension | 7 (14.3%) | 5 (2.9%) | 0.016 | 4.9 (1.7, 13.6) |
| Post-viral clearance | Myocardial infarction | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.424 | 3.5 (0.4, 32.7) |
| Post-viral clearance | Pleural effusion | 11 (22.4%) | 6 (3.5%) | <0.001 | 6.5 (2.5, 15.3) |
| Post-viral clearance | Respiratory failure | 3 (6.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.067 | 10.6 (1.2, 53.6) |
| Post-viral clearance | Sepsis | 3 (6.1%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0.093 | 5.3 (1.0, 23.9) |
| Post-viral clearance | Septic shock | 2 (4.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.144 | 7.1 (0.8, 42.8) |
| Post-viral clearance | Venous thromboembolism / Deep vein thrombosis | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.067 | Undefined (0.8, Infinity) |