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. 2021 Mar 22;175(6):1–9. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6856

Figure 1. Associations Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring.

Figure 1.

Hazard ratios (HRs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability (ID) in the 1987-1996 birth cohort comparing offspring born to mothers with HDP with those born to mothers without HDP (reference category). Model 1: adjusted for calendar year of birth only. Model 2: adjusted for calendar year of birth, offspring sex, maternal age, parity, height, body mass index, smoking, pregestational diabetes, parental educational level, occupation, and marital status. The within-sibship models include offspring with at least 1 sibling and compare siblings discordant for maternal HDP, including all covariates listed in whole-cohort analyses except for maternal height and marital status (model 2) because these variables did not vary among siblings within the same family. Number of within-sibship analyses refers to the number of offspring with siblings discordant for maternal HDP and ASDs, ADHD, and ID, respectively.