Figure 2. Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) and Overall Cognitive Performance in Offspring.

Mean differences in cognitive function score in the military conscription cohort comparing offspring born to mothers with HDP with those born to mothers without HDP (reference category). Model 1: adjusted for calendar year of birth only. Model 2: adjusted for calendar year of birth, offspring sex, maternal age, parity, height, body mass index, smoking, pregestational diabetes, parental educational level, occupation, and marital status. The within-sibship models include offspring with at least 1 sibling and compare siblings discordant for maternal HDP, including all covariates listed in whole-cohort analyses except for maternal height and marital status (model 2) because these variables did not vary among siblings within the same family. Number of within-sibship analyses refers to the number of offspring with siblings discordant for maternal HDP and cognitive function score.