Table 1.
Univariable Analysis of Factors Associated With Bacteremia on Admission Among COVID-19 Infected Patients
| Characteristic | Negative BC (n = 243), No. (%) |
Positive BC (n = 23), No. (%) |
OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | ||||
| <70 y | 146 (60.1) | 14 (60.9) | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | .94 |
| ≥70 y | 97 (39.9) | 9 (39.1) | ||
| Sex, no. (%) | ||||
| Male | 134 (55.1) | 18 (78.3) | 2.9 (1.1–8.1) | .03 |
| Female | 109 (44.9) | 5 (21.7) | ||
| Admission source | ||||
| Home | 179 (73.7) | 9 (39.1) | 4.4 (1.8–10.5) | .001 |
| Nursing facility | 64 (26.3) | 14 (60.9) | ||
| Comorbidities, no. (%) | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 19 (7.9) | 3 (13.0) | 1.7 (0.5–6.5) | .38 |
| Congestive heart failure | 32 (13.2) | 5 (21.7) | 1.8 (0.6–5.3) | .26 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 35 (14.4) | 4 (17.4) | 1.3 (0.4–3.9) | .70 |
| Dementia | 34 (14.0) | 8 (34.8) | 3.2 (1.3–8.3) | .009 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 65 (26.7) | 4 (17.4) | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) | .33 |
| Diabetes | 89 (36.6) | 9 (39.1) | 1.1 (0.5–2.7) | .81 |
| Hemiplegia | 15 (6.2) | 4 (17.4) | 3.2 (1.0–10.6) | .046 |
| Renal disease | 46 (18.9) | 5 (21.7) | 1.2 (0.4–3.4) | .74 |
| Mild liver disease | 6 (2.5) | 1 (4.3) | 1.8 (0.2–15.6) | .59 |
| Moderate-severe liver disease | 1 (0.4) | 1 (4.3) | 11 (0.7–182.0) | .04 |
| Median CWIC (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (2–4) | .001 | |
| Hypertension | 182 (74.9) | 18 (78.3) | 1.2 (0.4–3.4) | .72 |
| Morbid obesity | 48 (20.2) | 1 (4.3) | 0.2 (0.02–1.4) | .06 |
| Mean qSOFA score on admission | 0.91 ± 0.74 | 1.5 ± 0.79 | .001 | |
| Symptoms, no. (%) | ||||
| Altered mental status | 65 (26.7) | 13 (56.5) | 3.6 (1.5–8.5) | .003 |
| Fever | 149 (61.6) | 9 (39.1) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | .04 |
| Shortness of breath | 184 (76.7) | 11 (50.0) | 0.30 (0.1–0.7) | .006 |
| Laboratory findings on admission, no. (%) | ||||
| Leukopenia (<4 K/µL) | 18 (7.4) | 5 (21.7) | 3.5 (1.2–10.4) | .02 |
| Lymphocytopenia (<1K/µL) | 130 (53.7) | 13 (56.5) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | .80 |
| Thrombocytopenia (<150K/µL) | 55 (22.7) | 5 (21.7) | 0.9 (0.3–2.7) | .91 |
| Hemoglobin (gm/dL) | 12.7 (±2.3) | 10.6 (±3.0) | <.0001 | |
| Elevated ALT (>40 U/L) | 81 (34.2) | 9 (40.9) | 1.3 (0.5–3.3) | .53 |
| Low protein (<6.2 g/dL) | 19 (7.9) | 1 (4.5) | 0.6 (0.07–4.3) | .57 |
| Low albumin (<3.5 g/dL) | 107 (44.8) | 17 (77.3) | 4.2 (1.5–11.7) | .003 |
| Elevated CRP (>10 mg/L) | 214 (93.9) | 18 (94.7) | 1.2 (0.1–9.5) | .88 |
| Elevated procalcitonin (>0.10 ng/dL) | 175 (79.9) | 12 (80.0) | 1.0 (0.3–3.7) | .99 |
| Elevated creatinine (from baseline) | 102 (44.3) | 9 (42.9) | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | .90 |
Note. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; CWIC, Charlson weighted index of comorbidity; IQR, interquartile range; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein.