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. 2021 Mar 23;2(4):100242. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100242

Figure 3.

Figure 3

SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes alveolar epithelial hyperplasia

(A and B) Histological analysis of the alveolar epithelium stained (A) by H&E (scale bars, 200 μm) or (B) by immunofluorescence for EpCAM (yellow).

(C and D) Differential gene-expression analysis (C) and GSEA using reactome (R) and hallmark (H) datasets (D) for upregulated or downregulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients compared to H1N1.

(E) Histological analysis of alveolar epithelium (scale bars, 200 μm for H&E) in SARS-CoV-2 patients shows cellular hyperplasia in H&E with EpCAM+ immunofluorescent staining (yellow).

(F) Differential gene-expression analysis of normal and hyperplastic alveolar epithelium in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.

(G) Heatmap representation of genes involved in alveolar epithelium proliferation (GO:0060502) and their relative expression in all SARS-CoV-2 normal alveolar epithelium, hyperplastic alveolar epithelium, and H1N1 normal alveolar epithelium (asterisk indicates significant genes between H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 shown in the volcano plot). Differential gene expression was defined as p = 0.02 and log2 fold change of 0.5. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (n = 3), H1N1 (n = 3), and SARS-CoV-2/H1N1 (n = 1).