Table II.
Association of parenting style (t2) with demographics (t2) and health behaviors (t3) of Lebanese adolescent (n = 341)
| Parenting style |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neglectful N = 66 (19.4%) | Permissive N = 68 (19.9%) | Authoritarian N = 100 (29.3%) | Authoritative N = 107 (31.4%) | P-value | |
| Gender | <0.0001 | ||||
| Male | 45 (28.5) | 33 (20.9) | 48 (30.4) | 32 (20.3) | |
| Female | 21 (11.5) | 35 (19.1) | 52 (28.4) | 75 (41) | |
| Age | |||||
| Mean (±SD) | 16.72 ± 0.75 | 16.67 ± 0.74 | 16.47 ± 0.70 | 16.48 ± 0.80 | 0.065 |
| Type of school | |||||
| Public | 16 (13.8) | 19 (16.4) | 34 (29.3) | 47 (40.5) | 0.035 |
| Private | 50 (22.2) | 49 (21.8) | 66 (29.3) | 60 (26.7) | |
| BMI | |||||
| Not overweight | 37 (18) | 36 (17.5) | 69 (33.5) | 64 (31.1) | 0.127 |
| Overweight | 29 (21.6) | 32 (23.9) | 30 (22.4) | 43 (32.1) | |
| Religion | |||||
| Christian | 60 (20.1) | 61 (20.4) | 82 (27.4) | 96 (32.1) | 0.231 |
| Muslim | 6 (14.3) | 7 (16.7) | 18 (42.9) | 11 (26.2) | |
| Having snacks during the day | |||||
| Yes | 66 (19.9) | 66 (19.9) | 95 (28.6) | 105 (31.6) | 0.238 |
| Type of snacks consumed | |||||
| Sandwich | 11 (27.5) | 6 (15) | 10 (25) | 13 (32.5) | 0.254 |
| Fruit and veg | 13 (13.5) | 21 (21.9) | 32 (33.3) | 30 (31.3) | |
| Candies/Choco and cookies | 35 (22.2) | 26 (16.5) | 44 (27.8) | 53 (33.5) | |
| Chips, crackers, and nuts | 7 (18.4) | 13 (34.2) | 9 (23.7) | 9 (23.7) | |
| Frequency of eating fast-food (per week) | |||||
| Never/once | 29 (15.7) | 35 (18.9) | 56 (30.3) | 65 (35.1) | 0.173 |
| Twice or more | 37 (23.7) | 33 (21.2) | 44 (28.2) | 42 (26.9) | |
| Smoking cigarette in the past 30 days | |||||
| Yes | 11 (25.6) | 8 (18.6) | 15 (34.9) | 9 (20.9) | 0.353 |
| No | 55 (18.5) | 60 (20.1) | 85 (28.5) | 98 (32.9) | |
| Alcohol consumption in the past 30 days | |||||
| Yes | 48 (23.4) | 40 (19.5) | 62 (30.2) | 55 (26.8) | 0.047 |
| No | 18 (13.2) | 28 (20.6) | 38 (27.9) | 52 (38.2) | |
| Breakfast intake | |||||
| Yes | 55 (19.9) | 52 (18.8) | 83 (30.3) | 87 (31.4) | 0.528 |
| No | 10 (16.4) | 16 (26.2) | 15 (24.6) | 20 (32.8) | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Mean (±SD) | 2411.98 ± 2149.36 | 2510.18 ± 2471.26 | 2054.90 ± 2654.63 | 2115.12 ± 2715.76 | 0.605 |
| Low | 17 (16) | 16 (15.1) | 36 (34) | 37 (34.9) | 0.415 |
| Moderate | 28 (19.7) | 30 (22.1) | 43 (30.3) | 41 (28.9) | |
| High | 21 (22.6) | 22 (23.7) | 21 (22.6) | 29 (31.2) | |
| KIDMED score | |||||
| Mean (±SD) | 5.02 ± 2.18 | 5.70 ± 2.67 | 5.53 ± 2.16 | 5.67 ± 2.21 | 0.255 |
| <3 poor | 18 (27.3) | 13 (19.7) | 16 (24.2) | 19 (28.8) | 0.102 |
| 4–7 average | 40 (20.2) | 34 (17.2) | 64 (32.3) | 60 (30.3) | |
| ≥8 high | 8 (10.8) | 20 (27) | 18 (24.3) | 28 (37.8) | |
| Father education | |||||
| Low | 2 (7.1) | 3 (10.7) | 16 (57.1) | 7 (25) | 0.011 |
| Medium | 35 (23.6) | 36 (24.3) | 34 (23) | 43 (29.1) | |
| High | 26 (17.8) | 26 (17.8) | 47 (32.2) | 47 (32.2) | |
| Mother education | |||||
| Low | 2 (16.7) | 3 (25) | 3 (25) | 4 (33.3) | 0.422 |
| Medium | 32 (23) | 22 (15.8) | 47 (33.8) | 38 (27.3) | |
| High | 32 (17.5) | 42 (23) | 48 (26.2) | 61(33.3) | |
P-values were derived from ANOVA and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.