Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| All (n = 222) | Favorable (n = 119) | Unfavorable (n = 103) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73.54 (19.99) | 68.80 (18.23) | 79.20 (17.70) | <0.001 |
| Women, n(%) | 134 (60) | 72 (61) | 62 (60) | 1.000 |
| Risk factors, n(%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 39 (18) | 15 (13) | 24 (23) | 0.051 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 92 (42) | 39 (33) | 53 (51) | 0.006 |
| Hypertension | 148 (67) | 69 (58) | 79 (77) | 0.004 |
| Dyslipidemia | 133 (60) | 75 (63) | 58 (57) | 0.410 |
| Smoker | 49 (24) | 35 (31) | 14 (16) | 0.013 |
| Coronary heart disease | 35 (16) | 19 (16) | 16 (16) | 1.000 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 8 (4) | 3 (3) | 5 (5) | 0.474 |
| Past ischemic events | 30 (14) | 15 (13) | 15 (15) | 0.698 |
| Previous medication, n(%) | ||||
| Antiplatelet therapy | 70 (32) | 30 (25) | 40 (39) | 0.031 |
| Oral anticoagulation | 21 (9) | 10 (8) | 11 (11) | 0.648 |
| Statin therapy | 49 (22) | 25 (21) | 24 (23) | 0.747 |
| Antihypertensive therapy | 130 (59) | 61 (51) | 69 (67) | 0.020 |
| On admission, n(%) | ||||
| Independent before stroke | 184 (92) | 104 (96) | 80 (88) | 0.032 |
| NIHSS baseline | 13 (9) | 12 (7) | 15 (9.5) | 0.005 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 153 (36) | 147 (29) | 160 (35) | 0.004 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82 (25) | 81 (22) | 84.5 (27.5) | 0.585 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 6.5 (2.02) | 6.2 (1.7) | 6.75 (2.5) | 0.010 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.8 (0.6) | 5.8 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.9) | 0.650 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.41 (1.41) | 2.53 (1.34) | 2.36 (1.38) | 0.252 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.37 (0.57) | 1.33 (0.56) | 1.44 (0.6) | 0.423 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.32 (0.84) | 1.33 (0.77) | 1.27 (0.85) | 0.825 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 3 (5) | 3 (3) | 4 (8) | 0.015 |
| International Normalized Ratio | 1.01 (0.07) | 1.01 (0.05) | 1.02 (0.07) | 0.247 |
| Infarct side (left), n(%) | 99 (45) | 54 (45) | 45 (44) | 0.892 |
| IVT, n(%) | 103 (46) | 58 (49) | 45 (44) | 0.501 |
| Onset to imaging, min | 132 (210.5) | 128 (187) | 149.5 (243) | 0.383 |
| Onset to groin puncture, min | 216 (231) | 210.5 (190.75) | 230 (271) | 0.540 |
| General anesthesia, n(%) | 112 (52) | 58 (51) | 54 (53) | 0.786 |
| Collateralization status, n(%) | ||||
| Good | 115 (53) | 69 (59) | 46 (46) | 0.124 |
| Moderate | 78 (36) | 39 (33) | 39 (39) | |
| Poor | 25 (11) | 10 (8) | 15 (15) | |
| Perfusion imaging, n(%) | ||||
| Volume core | 19.90 (27.77) | 16.50 (20.82) | 23.83 (33.77) | 0.543 |
| Volume hypoperfusion | 137.78 (72.25) | 132.32 (69.94) | 144.10 (74.68) | 0.142 |
| Volume of tissue at risk | 117.88 (66.06) | 115.82 (60.98) | 120.26 (71.70) | 0.692 |
| rCBF core | 11.83 (7.05) | 13.04 (6.76) | 10.43 (7.15) | 0.002 |
| rCBF penumbra | 18.49 (7.59) | 19.43 (7.93) | 17.40 (7.06) | 0.057 |
| rCBV core | 1.62 (0.93) | 1.74 (0.90) | 1.48 (0.95) | 0.037 |
| rCBV penumbra | 3.11 (1.44) | 3.11 (1.32) | 3.11 (1.57) | 0.728 |
| After treatment | ||||
| TICI score, n(%) | ||||
| 0 | 10 (5) | 2 (2) | 8 (8) | 0.011 |
| 1 | 10 (5) | 2 (2) | 8 (8) | |
| 2a | 27 (12) | 13 (11) | 14 (13) | |
| 2b | 75 (33) | 39 (32) | 36 (35) | |
| 3 | 100 (45) | 63 (53) | 37 (36) | |
| NIHSS score after 24 h | 6 (10) | 4 (4.5) | 11 (9.75) | <0.001 |
| ICH (SITS‐MOST) , n(%) | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 4 (4) | 0.185 |
Data are frequencies (percentages), as indicated, for categorical variables and median (interquartile range) for continuous variables of clinical data and patient characteristics. For perfusion imaging, mean (standard deviation) of core and penumbral volumes (cc), as well as their regional blood flow (ml/100 ml/min) and regional blood volume (ml/100 ml) are shown. Differences in patients with favorable (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score 0–2) and unfavorable outcome (mRS score 3–6) were tested with Fisher's (categorical) and Wilcoxon's (continuous) test using a significance level of 5%.
Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; rCBF, regional cerebral blood flow; rCBV, regional cerebral blood volume; TICI, Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction scale.