Table 3.
Predictors of cognitive outcome in childhood stroke
| Outcome | Predictor | Unadjusted | Adjusted for SES | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression coefficient | 95% CI | p | Marginal R 2 | Regression coefficient | 95% CI | p | Partial R 2 | ||||
| Perceptual reasoning | SES (+1 score point) | 15.64 | 5.89 | 25.40 | 0.004 | 0.419 | |||||
| Age at stroke ( +1y) | 2.09 | –1.28 | 5.47 | 0.207 | 0.097 | 1.99 | –0.60 | 4.58 | 0.122 | 0.088 | |
| modASPECTS (+1 score point) | –5.31 | –9.31 | –1.31 | 0.012 | 0.331 | –3.96 | –7.34 | –0.57 | 0.025 | 0.170 | |
| Residual lesion volume (+20%) | –0.89 | –1.84 | 0.07 | 0.066 | 0.195 | –0.83 | –1.54 | –0.12 | 0.024 | 0.171 | |
| Time since stroke (+20%) | –0.71 | –2.86 | 1.44 | 0.494 | 0.030 | –0.36 | –2.09 | 1.38 | 0.668 | 0.007 | |
| Executive function | SES | 9.58 | 3.07 | 16.08 | 0.007 | 0.379 | |||||
| Age at stroke | 0.04 | –2.25 | 2.33 | 0.973 | 0.000 | –0.02 | –1.90 | 1.85 | 0.978 | 0.000 | |
| modASPECTS | 0.12 | –3.03 | 3.27 | 0.939 | 0.000 | 1.23 | –1.37 | 3.82 | 0.331 | 0.039 | |
| Residual lesion volume | 0.29 | –0.37 | 0.96 | 0.365 | 0.052 | 0.33 | –0.20 | 0.86 | 0.206 | 0.065 | |
| Time since stroke | –0.49 | –1.88 | 0.89 | 0.460 | 0.035 | –0.28 | –1.43 | 0.88 | 0.616 | 0.011 | |
| Language | SES | 14.36 | 4.63 | 24.09 | 0.007 | 0.380 | |||||
| Age at stroke | 2.78 | –0.32 | 5.87 | 0.075 | 0.185 | 2.69 | 0.31 | 5.07 | 0.030 | 0.173 | |
| modASPECTS | –3.45 | –7.80 | 0.90 | 0.112 | 0.150 | –2.09 | –5.93 | 1.76 | 0.266 | 0.051 | |
| Residual lesion volume | –0.70 | –1.66 | 0.26 | 0.141 | 0.131 | –0.65 | –1.41 | 0.11 | 0.090 | 0.112 | |
| Time since stroke | –0.31 | –2.41 | 1.79 | 0.756 | 0.006 | 0.02 | –1.72 | 1.76 | 0.981 | 0.000 | |
| Memory | SES | 6.95 | 0.11 | 13.79 | 0.047 | 0.225 | |||||
| Age at stroke | 1.33 | –0.71 | 3.37 | 0.185 | 0.107 | 1.29 | –0.55 | 3.13 | 0.157 | 0.100 | |
| modASPECTS | –2.83 | –5.39 | –0.27 | 0.032 | 0.256 | –2.27 | –4.80 | 0.26 | 0.076 | 0.152 | |
| Residual lesion volume | –0.54 | –1.12 | 0.04 | 0.064 | 0.198 | –0.52 | –1.04 | –0.00 | 0.050 | 0.180 | |
| Time since stroke | –0.15 | –1.47 | 1.18 | 0.817 | 0.003 | 0.01 | –1.21 | 1.24 | 0.981 | 0.000 | |
| Attention | SES | 0.30 | –13.3 | 13.88 | 0.963 | 0.000 | |||||
| Age at stroke | –0.35 | –3.85 | 3.15 | 0.834 | 0.003 | –0.36 | –4.02 | 3.31 | 0.837 | 0.003 | |
| modASPECTS | –1.21 | –6.19 | 3.76 | 0.609 | 0.019 | –1.31 | –6.79 | 4.17 | 0.615 | 0.020 | |
| Residual lesion volume | –0.13 | –1.23 | 0.96 | 0.797 | 0.005 | –0.13 | –1.28 | 1.01 | 0.806 | 0.005 | |
| Time since stroke | 1.34 | –0.88 | 3.57 | 0.217 | 0.107 | 1.41 | –0.96 | 3.77 | 0.221 | 0.113 | |
In each model, unadjusted and adjusted, 18 observations were used. Regression coefficients quantify the effect on the respective outcome (in percentile points) resulting from a change in the predictor as reported in brackets (multiplicative for residual lesion volume and time since stroke due to logarithmic transformation). Significant findings (p≤0.05) are indicated in bold type. CI, confidence interval; modASPECTS, modified paediatric version of the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score; SES, socioeconomic status.