TABLE 1.
Longitudinal studies characteristics
| Study | Total sample | Age (y) | Disease duration (y) | Follow‐up (mo) | Newcastle‐Ottawa score | Apathy scale | Pre‐operative score | Post‐operative score | Mean change in LEDD (%) |
| Ardouin et al 44 | 7 | 54.0 ± 9.0 | NR | 3 | 7 | SAS | 9.5 ± 3.0 | 9.8 ± 6.3 | −73.6 |
| Castelli et al 45 | 19 | 62.1 ± 4.2 | 14.7 ± 5 | 17 | 7 | SAS | 11.6 ± 4.1 | 12.6 ± 5.3 | −52.1 |
| Castrioto et al 46 | 36 | 56.8 ± 8.3 | 9.3 ± 4.9 | 12 | 5 | SAS | 11.1 ± 4.8 | 10.4 ± 5.3 | −60.3 |
| Chou et al 47 | 10 | 62.1 ± 6.5 | 9.1 ± 5.8 | 6 | 7 | SAS | 13.2 ± 8.6 | 13.6 ± 7.4 | −51.2 |
| Dafsari et al 48 | 36 | 62.8 ± 9.1 | 9.6 ± 5.3 | 5 | 4 | AES | 28.9 ± 7.1 | 29.6 ± 6.7 | −53.3 |
| Dos Santos et al 49 | 19 | 60(6.5) | 93(3.5) | 12 | 7 | SAS | 6.9 ± 2.7 | 9.5 ± 7.7 | −39.6 |
| Drapier et al 43 | 30 | 59.7 ± 7.6 | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 6 | 7 | SAS & AES | 13.0 ± 6.5 | 18.8 ± 9.7 | −22.2 |
| Foley et al 50 | 28 | 57.5 ± 7.3 | 18.8 ± 6.1 | 19.5 | 6 | SAS | 10.8 ± 6.0 | 14.0 ± 11.2 | NR |
| Gesquiere‐Dando et al 51 | 34 | 62.7 ± 8.1 | 9.9 ± 4.3 | 12 | 6 | LARS | −32.6 ± 3.6 | −24.4 ± 12.0 | −39.4 |
| Higuchi et al 13 | 25 | 50.4 ± 9.8 | 12.5 ± 7 | 1 | 7 | SAS | 5.4 ± 3.1 | 9.6 ± 9.9 | −61.1 |
| Langner‐Lemercier et al 52 | 40 | 56.5 ± 7.8 | 12.0 ± 4.6 | 12 | 5 | AES | 30.9 ± 6.3 | 33.0 ± 8.9 | −38.9 |
| Le Jeune et al 53 | 12 | 57.4 ± 8 | 11.2 ± 2.4 | 3 | 6 | AES | 30.9 ± 4.1 | 39.1 ± 6.1 | −33.6 |
| Lhommee et al 54 | 73 | 57.3 ± 7 | 10.8 ± 2.9 | 12 | 7 | SAS | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 9.7 ± 4.6 | −69.7 |
| Lhommee et al 41 | 251 | 52.5 ± 6.3 | 7.5 ± 2.9 | 24 | 8 | SAS | 9.9 (0.7) | 12.7 (0.5) | −37.6 |
| Lilleeng et al 55 | 16 | 60.0 ± 8.1 | 12.9 ± 5.7 | 4.5 | 8 | SAS | 14.7 ± 4.1 | 16.9 ± 5.2 | −22.9 |
| Maier et al 56 | 30 | 61.2 ± 8.7 | 12.0 ± 6.79 | 3 | 7 | AES | 34.8 ± 10.9 | 34.6 ± 9.4 | −55.9 |
| Mosley et al 57 a | 64 | 62.2 ± 9.5 | 9.0 ± 5.2 | 1.5 | 7 | SAS | F‐score: 0.838 | NR | |
| Nimura et al 58 | 39 | 62.6 ± 6.7 | 13.3 ± 9.4 | 6 | 5 | SAS | 12.2 ± 7.7 | 12.0 ± 7.2 | NR |
| Pham et al 59 | 40 | 63.4 ± 6.4 | 12.1 ± 3.8 | 3 | 6 | AES | 30.6 ± 5.9 | 32.2 ± 6.6 | −47.7 |
| Robert et al 17 | 44 | 56.3 ± 7.5 | 11.4 ± 4.1 | 3 | 6 | AES | 31.4 ± 6.4 | 31.6 ± 7.1 | −30.5 |
| Seifried et al 60 | 11 | 63.0 ± 7 | 14.0 ± 4 | 6 | 4 | SAS | 10.8 ± 7.1 | 12.5 ± 8.6 | −51.5 |
| Valldeoriola et al 42 | 23 | 57.9 ± 4.8 | 13.7 | 6 | 5 | LARS | −24 ± 19.9 | −27 ± 21.6 | −21.4 |
| Voruz et al 61 | 29 | 56.5 ± 8.0 | 11.2 ± 4.2 | 3 | 6 | AES | 31.4 ± 6.5 | 32.9 ± 8.7 | −44.0 |
Follow‐up, apathy assessment follow‐up in months after the STN DBS operation. All studies used bilateral stimulation. Studies with the variance marked as ± reported standard devations, studies with parentheses reported the standard error. Abbreviations: LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dosage; SAS, Starkstein Apathy Scale; AES, Apathy Evaluation Scale; LARS, Lille Apathy Rating Scale; NR, not reported.
a
F statistic was provided only.