Table 1.
Patients' baseline characteristics.
| Baseline | ACEI/ARB (intervention) n = 146 | Non-ACEI/ARB (control) n = 208 | Total n = 354 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (±SD) | 56.36 (11.9) | 40.29 (11.6) | 46.9(14.11) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 114 (78.1) | 170 (81.7) | 284 (80.2) | 0.396 |
| BMI, mean (±SD) | 28.8 (6.3) | 27.4 (7.4) | 28(6.9) | 0.059 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 41 (28.1) | 40 (19.2) | 81 (22.9) | 0.051 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 123 (84.2) | 22 (10.6) | 145 (41.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 98 (67.1) | 42 (20.2) | 140 (39.5) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease (HF,CAD), n (%) | 42 (28.8) | 5 (2.4) | 47 (13.3) | <0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 3 (2.1%) | 1 (0.5) | 4 (1.1) | 0.168 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 17 (11.6) | 9 (4.3) | 26 (7.3) | 0.009 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 24 (11.5) | 15 (10.3) | 39 (11.01) | 0.708 |
| Current use of NSAIDs, n (%) | 24 (16.4) | 27 (13.0) | 51 (14.4) | 0.362 |
| Number of comorbiditiesa, Median (IQR) | 3.322 (1.050) 2 (0-2) | 1.688 (0.990) 0 (0−1) | 2.362 (1.295) 1 (0-2) | <0.001 |
| COVID-19 regimen | ||||
| Supportive Care | 105 (71.4) | 159 (76.4) | 264 (74.6) | 0.402 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 2 (1.4) | 0(0) | 2 (0.6) | 0.00 |
| Favipravir | 2 (1.4) | 0(0) | 2 (0.6) | 0.00 |
| Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin | 29 (19.9) | 39(18.8) | 68 (19.2) | 0.357 |
| Hydroxychoroquine | 8 (5.5) | 10(4.8) | 18 (5.1) | 0.332 |
IQR: interquartile range. SD: standard deviations. ACEI: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. ARBs: angiotensin II receptor blockers. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019. HF: heart failure. CAD: coronary artery disease.
a
Comorbidities include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (heart failure/coronary artery disease), stroke, renal disease, asthma, and obesity.