Table 7.

The number of experimental bacteria and pathogens bound to KB cells in adhesion ability, protection assays and displacement assays

	Strains	No. of CFU recovered a (× 105)	Adhesion inhibitory rate (%)
Positive Control	L. gasseri HHuMIN D	4.41 ± 1.4
	F. nucleatum KCOM1001	18.35 ± 4.0
	S. mutans KCTC3065	2.57 ± 0.1
Protection assaysb	(L. gasseri HHuMIN D → F. nucleatum KCOM1001) L. gasseri HHuMIN D	1.64 ± 0.2**	63
	(L. gasseri HHuMIN D → F. nucleatum KCOM1001) F. nucleatum KCOM1001	0.05 ± 0.0***	100
	(L. gasseri HHuMIN D → S. mutans KCTC3065) L. gasseri HHuMIN D	1.27 ± 0.6**	71
	(L. gasseri HHuMIN D → S. mutans KCTC3065) S. mutans KCTC3065	0.25 ± 0.2****	90
Displacement assaysc	(F. nucleatum KCOM1001 → L. gasseri HHuMIN D) L. gasseri HHuMIN D	1.32 ± 0.4**	70
	(F. nucleatum KCOM1001 → L. gasseri HHuMIN D) F. nucleatum KCOM1001	2.10 ± 0.8***	89
	(S. mutans KCTC3065 → L. gasseri HHuMIN D) L. gasseri HHuMIN D	1.18 ± 0.3**	73
	(S. mutans KCTC3065 → L. gasseri HHuMIN D) S. mutans KCTC3065	0.27 ± 0.1****	90

^aValues represent the means ± the standard deviations for triplicate samples of lysates from the infection of 10⁵ KB cells by 10⁸ bacteria. Compared with the positive control group: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (n = 3)

^bProtection assays are a method of investigating how harmful bacteria are inhibited from attaching by selected bacteria which are already attached

^cDisplacement assays are a method of investigating the degree of attachment by selected bacteria after harmful bacteria are already attached