Table 1.

Generalized standard terms for 3D printing technologies. For each standard term, one or more commercial and other terms are listed, along with a description of the technology type, and the associated identifier in the RadLex terminology. Please refer to the ISO/ASTM standard for a complete description of each generalized term [15]

Generalized Standard Term	Commercial and Other Term Examples	Description	RadLex Identifier
Binder Jetting	• ProJet Color Jet Printing (CJP)	Liquid agents are selectively dropped onto powder media. Subsequent infiltration or heating may be required.	RID50562
Directed Energy Deposition	• Laser Engineered Net Shape (LENS) • Electron Beam Additive Manufacture (EBAM)	Focused application of energy and material selectively melted and fused on a build platform or part.	RID50563
Material Extrusion	• Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) • Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)	Material is dispensed, often through a heated nozzle, onto a build platform.	RID50564
Material Jetting	• Nano particle Jetting (NPJ) • Drop-On-Demand (DOD) • PolyJet • ProJet Multijet Printing (MJP)	A print head dispenses droplets of media, usually a photopolymer, onto a build platform where each layer is solidified or cured.	RID50565
Powder Bed Fusion	• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) • Selective Laser Melting (SLM) • Direct Metal Printing (DMP) • Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) • Electron Beam Melting (EBM) • Multi Jet Fusion (MJF)	Powder media is deposited on a build platform and subsequently bonded together through a heating process.	RID50566
Sheet Lamination	• Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)	Discrete layers of material are fused or glued together to form an object.	RID50567
Vat Photopolymerization	• Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) • Direct Light Processing (DLP) • Continuous liquid interface production (CLIP)	Liquid photopolymer is selectively exposed to a light source facilitating layer-by-layer curing.	RID50568