Table 3.
Multivariant logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with seroprevalence rates of VBDs in dogs in Egypt with single and mixed infection (n = 91) according to different variables
| Pathogen | Factor | ßa | SEb | Odds ratio | 95% Confidence interval | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ehrlichia spp. | Keeping condition | |||||
| Outdoor | 2.013 | 0.314 | 7.5 | 3.8–14.6 | 0.0001* | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 0.844 | 0.311 | 2.3 | 1.2–4.2 | 0.007⃰ | |
| Breed | ||||||
| Pit Bull (constant) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| German Shepherd | 0.959 | 0.405 | 2.6 | 1.2–5.7 | 0.02⃰ | |
| Rottweiler | 0.422 | 0.493 | 1.5 | 0.6–4 | 0.3 | |
| Weekly sanitation of the dog enclosures | ||||||
| No | 1.636 | 0.295 | 5.1 | 2.8–9.1 | 0.0001⃰ | |
| Presence of tick on the dog body | ||||||
| Yes | 3.143 | 0.399 | 22.9 | 10.4–50.2 | 0.0001⃰ | |
| Tri-monthly application of ectoparasiticides | ||||||
| No | 1.549 | 0.293 | 4.7 | 2.6–8.4 | 0.0001⃰ | |
| Anaplasma spp. | Keeping condition | |||||
| Outdoor | 1.576 | 0.403 | 4.8 | 2.1–10.6 | 0.001⃰ | |
| Breed | ||||||
| German Shepherd | 1.117 | 0.553 | 3.1 | 1.1–9.1 | 0.04⃰ | |
| Rottweiler | 0.405 | 0.684 | 1.5 | 0.4–5.7 | 0.5 | |
| Weekly sanitation of the dog enclosures | ||||||
| No | 2.046 | 0.394 | 7.7 | 3.5–16.7 | 0.0001⃰ | |
| Presence of tick on the dog body | ||||||
| Yes | 1.778 | 0.384 | 5.9 | 2.7–12.5 | 0.0001⃰ | |
| Tri-monthly application of ectoparasiticides | ||||||
| No | 1.894 | 0.385 | 6.6 | 3.1–14.1 | 0.0001⃰ | |
| B. burgdorferi (s.l.) | Keeping condition | |||||
| Outdoor | 1.773 | 0.807 | 5.8 | 1.2–28.6 | 0.02⃰ | |
| Weekly sanitation of the dog enclosures | ||||||
| No | 2.349 | 0.809 | 10.5 | 2.1–51.1 | 0.004⃰ | |
| Presence of tick on the dog body | ||||||
| Yes | 2.243 | 0.808 | 9.4 | 1.9–45.9 | 0.006⃰ | |
| Tri-monthly application of ectoparasiticides | ||||||
| No | 2.439 | 0.809 | 10.5 | 2.1–51.1 | 0.004⃰ | |
| D. immitis | Weekly sanitation of the dog enclosures | |||||
| No | 1.966 | 0.843 | 7.4 | 1.4–38.4 | 0.02⃰ | |
| Presence of tick on the dog body | ||||||
| Yes | 1.673 | 0.843 | 6.6 | 1.3–34.5 | 0.02⃰ | |
| Tri-monthly application of ectoparasiticides | ||||||
| No | 1.966 | 0.843 | 7.4 | 1.4–38.4 | 0.02⃰ | |
ß: Wald statistic; SE: standard error; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; OR: odds ratio
*These parameters are statistically significant