FIGURE 3.

PD patient brain‐derived α‐synuclein oligomers induce membrane trafficking deficits in vitro. Compared with vehicle‐treated cells, α‐synuclein immunoprecipitated from brain samples from multiple individuals with PD caused membrane trafficking deficits (**p ≤ 0.0100); α‐synuclein from brain samples from individuals without PD did not (n.s., not significantly different from vehicle‐treated cells). One‐way ANOVA with Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons. Each data point represents the mean value for an individual patient determined in quadruplicate from three separate cell preparations; undiluted samples were added to the assay wells. Black lines indicate group means