TABLE 3.
In‐house process measurements done automatically (continuously or at high frequency) as services offered routinely by the facility to its internal or external users or done manually at a frequency to be determined after negotiation. Measurements at scales smaller than the ecosystem (leaf level for example) as well as measurements which are usually done externally on soil plant or air samples are not considered in this table
| Ecotron short name | Opening year | ET (H2O) | NEE (CO2) | δ13C in CO2 | Δ18O in CO2 | Soil respiration | CH4 emission | N2O emission | O3 emission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ExpoSCREEN, München | 1985 | ●ge | ● | ○ | ● | ||||
| EcoCELLs, Reno | 1995 | ● | ● | □ | □ | ● | □ | □ | |
| Whole Tree Chambers, Richmond | 2006 | ●ge | ● | □ | □ | ● | □ | □ | |
| Montpellier Ecotron, Macrocosms | 2010 | ● | ● | ● | ● | □ | ● | ● | |
| Ile de France Ecotron, EcoLab | 2014 | ● | ● | ○ | ● | □ | □ | ● | |
| iDiv Ecotron, Leipzig | 2017 | □ | □ | □ | |||||
| TUMmesa, München | 2017 | ● | □ | ||||||
| UHasselt Ecotron, Hasselt | 2018 | ● | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||
| TERRA ecotron, Gembloux | 2018 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
| Montpellier Ecotron, Mesocosms | 2018 | ● | ● | ● | ● | □ | ● | ● | |
| TerraXcube, Bolzano | 2020 | ● | ○ | □ | |||||
| AGRASIM, Jülich | 2021–2022 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Antwerp Ecotron | 2021–2022 | x | x | x | x | x |
| Ecotron short name | VOCs fluxes | δ15 N, δ18O in N2O | δ2H, δ18O in H2O | Drainage flux | Soil solution sampling ** | Root growth *** | LAI*** | Canopy leaf T °C *** | Hyper‐ spec *** | Fauna tracking *** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ExpoSCREEN, München | □ | □ | □ | |||||||
| EcoCELLs, Reno | □ | ● | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | |||
| Whole Tree Chambers, Richmond | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | ● | □ | □ | ||
| Montpellier Ecotron, Macrocosms | ● | □ | □ | □ | ||||||
| Ile de France Ecotron, EcoLab | □ | □ | □ | ● | ● | □ | □ | □ | ||
| iDiv Ecotron, Leipzig | □ | ○ | □ | □ | □ | □ | □ | ○ed,rf | ||
| TUMmesa, München | ○ | □ | □ | □ | □ | |||||
| UHasselt Ecotron, Hasselt | ● | ● | ||||||||
| TERRA ecotron, Gembloux | ● | □ | □ | ●st | □ | □ | ||||
| Montpellier Ecotron, Mesocosms | ● | □ | □ | □ | ||||||
| TerraXcube, Bolzano | ● | □ | ○ | ○ | □ | |||||
| AGRASIM, Jülich | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||
| Antwerp Ecotron | x | x | x | x |
●: existing automatic continuous (or at high frequency) measurement provided to the hosted teams.
○:automatic continuous (or at high frequency) measurement being installed; □, measurement/sampling done manually (by the facility staff or by the hosted team), often using available portable devices, at frequencies to be determined (optional, upon negotiation).
ET: evapotranspiration, measured by weighing (●) or by gas exchange (●ge).
NEE:net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (balance between canopy photosynthesis and canopy and soil respiration).
δ: isotopic difference resulting from fractionation within the ecosystem (δ value difference of a given gas before and after going through an ecosystem in an ecotron unit).
Root growth: measured with minirhizotrons (ingrowth cores measurements are not indicated here since they do not require instrument investment by the facility and are usually done by the hosted team).
LAI: leaf area index (it often gives also canopy transmittance, but this transmittance can also be obtained with simpler light sensors); ●st LAI measured by stereoscopic cameras;
Hyperspec: Canopy hyperspectral reflectance.
Fauna: tracking done by real time detection number and size measurement of catched soil microarthropods (Edapholog system) (○ed) or/and RFID monitoring of beetle movements (○rf).
**Sampling, but no measurements on these samples (measurements often done externally).
***The facilities own the (often portable) equipement to run the raw initial measurements but since finalising results requires a lot of man power and/or very specific skills (i.e. analysis of the roots pictures, parametrization of the hyperspectral models), these final results are often not offered routinely to external users of the facility.