Table 1.

Overview of relevant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in testicular tumors pathogenesis.

Name	Alteration	Mechanism of action	Effect on tumorigenesis	Clinical studies	References
XIST	Expression in supernumerary X	Unknown	Unknown	Yes, as biomarker	(90–94)
H19	Loss of imprinting	Sponges miRNA‐106b‐5p causing TDRG1 upregulation	Pro-tumorigenic: promotes cisplatin resistance	No	(95–99)
SPRY4-IT	Overexpression	Unknown, possibly involving Akt pathway activation	Pro-tumorigenic: promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion	No	(100)
NLC1-C	Downregulation	Blocks miR-320a and miR-383 transcription through its binding to Nucleolin	Anti-tumorigenic: regulates cancer cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis	No	(101)
HOTTIP	Overexpression	Sponges miR‐128‐3p	Pro-tumorigenic: increases cancer cell proliferative rate	No	(102)