Table 1. Patient characteristics.
| Groups | Control | Chagas’ disease | DCM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | NYHA I-II | NYHA III-IV | NYHA I-II | NYHA III-IV | ||
| (n = 25) | (n = 46) | (n = 25) | (n = 23) | (n = 22) | (n = 26) | |
| Age (years) | 53.9 ± 2.9 | 52.0 ± 1.5 | 50.6 ± 2.3 | 48.9 ± 1.9 | 49.8 ± 3.6 | 47.2 ± 2.4 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 12 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 16 |
| Female | 13 | 35 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 10 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.0 ± 2.1 | 125.7 ± 2.1 | 110.3 ± 2.2### | 98.7 ± 2.9***/### | 112.8 ± 2.8# | 95.9 ± 4.6***/### |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.4 ± 0.98 | 78.9 ± 1.2 | 73.3 ± 1.3 | 70.3 ± 1.8### | 73.9 ± 1.5 | 70.8 ± 1.8### |
| HR (beats/min) | 73.6 ± 1.2 | 69.5 ± 1.3 | 69.8 ± 2.1 | 75.0 ± 2.5 | 72.9 ± 2.0 | 83.2 ± 2.2**/### |
| ECG | ||||||
| Normal/Abnormal | 25/0 | 13/33 | 0/25 | 0/23 | 0/22 | 0/26 |
| Pacemaker | 0 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| ECHO | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 67.5 ± 1.1 | 37.8 ± 2.0### | 24.5 ± 1.5### | 37.2 ± 2.2### | 23.4 ± 1.3### | |
| LVEF>50%/<50% | 46/0 | 2/23 | 0/23 | 0/22 | 0/26 | |
| LVDD (mm) | 51.9 ± 1.0 | 62.7 ± 1.6### | 70.9 ± 1.3### | 64.7 ± 2.1### | 74.9 ± 2.0### | |
| LVSD (mm) | 32.6 ± 0.90 | 50.6 ± 1.8### | 62.1 ± 1.3### | 52.8 ± 2.1### | 66.6 ± 2.1### | |
| LVEDV (ml) | 131.5 ± 6.8 | 204.1 ± 12.0# | 303.4 ± 20.2### | 217.7 ± 16.8# | 358.4 ± 36.3### | |
| LVESV (ml) | 41.8 ± 3.0 | 109.8 ± 10.7## | 209.5 ± 10.7### | 137.5 ± 13.5### | 256.9 ± 28.8### | |
| Pharmacotherapy | ||||||
| No medication | 25 | 31 | 1 | - | - | - |
| ACEI | - | 3 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 15 |
| ß-blocker | - | 1 | 2 | - | 14 | 8 |
| ARB | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| Amiodarone | - | 4 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 |
| Diuretic | - | 3 | 17 | 21 | 19 | 25 |
| Digoxin | - | 2 | 11 | 19 | 12 | 22 |
| Spironolactone | - | - | 4 | 14 | 13 | 19 |
| Anticoagulant | - | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
Data given as mean ± S.E.M.
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001 vs. Control
#p < 0.05
##p < 0.01
###p < 0.001 vs. Chagas group 0. ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, ECG: Electrocardiogram, ECHO: Echocardiography parameters, HR: Heart rate, LVDD: Left ventricular diastolic diameter, LVEDV: Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV: Left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVSD: Left ventricular systolic diameter, ml: milliliter, mm: millimeter, SBP: Systolic blood pressure.