Table 3.
Polymeric Nanomedicine
| Material (Moiety) | Drug/Gene | Size (nm) | Dose (Route) | Animal Model (Route) | In vivo Therapeutic Outcomes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLGA | Ruthenium red | 300 | 1 mM (inh.) | Male C57BL/6 mice (VILI) | Wet lung weight/body weight ratio↓; wet/dry lung weight ratio↓; H&E↑; lung edema↓ | [30] |
| PLGA di(a2→8) N-acetylneuraminic acid | 150 | 2 mg (i.p. 2 h post) for LPS; 20 μg (i.t. 6 h/8 h post) for CLP | C57BL/6 mice LPS (i.t.) and CLP | Total, macrophage and neutrophil counts↓; IL-10↑; clinical score↓; survival rate↑ | [67] | |
| PLGA (sialic acid) | Cur-TPP | 852 ± 30.70 | 2.4 mg/kg (i.v. 4 h post) | Male ICR mice LPS (i.t.) | Lung wet/dry ratio↓; total protein↓; TNF-α, IL-6, total cell and neutrophil counts↓; MDA↓; SOD↑; ROS↓; H&E↑ | [29] |
| Poly (ε-caprolactone), capric/caprylic triglyceride, sorbitan monostearate | RSV | 241 ± 7 | 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg (p.o. 1, 4, 6 or 12 h pre) | Male A/J mice LPS (i.n.) | Total leukocyte, neutrophil counts↓; MPO↓; H&E↑, score↓; IL-6, KC, MIP-1α, MIP-2, MCP-1, RANTES↓; elastance↓; MDA, SOD↓ | [19] |
| Poly (ε-caprolactone), capric/caprylic triglyceride, sorbitan monostearate | α-bisabolol | 160 ± 10 | 30, 50, or 100 mg/kg (p.o. 4 h pre) | Male A/J mice LPS (i.n.) | Elastance↓; neutrophil counts↓; MPO↓; KC, MIP-2↓; H&E↑, score↓ | [23] |
| Poly(β-amino esters) (ICAM-1 antibody) |
TPCA-1 | 100 | 2 mg/kg (i.v. 4 h post) | Adult CD-1 mice LPS (i.t.) | Neutrophil counts, IL-6, TNF-α, protein↓; H&E↑ | [28] |
| PLGA | EpoR cDNA | 196 ± 36 | 2 mg (inh.) | S-D rats (Hyperoxia) | H&E↑; Wet/dry and sodium (Na)/dry weight ratios↓; Caspase-8 activity and oxidative DNA damage↓; Protein and lipid oxidation↓ | [65] |
| PEI2k-Dexamethasone | plasmid DNA | ~100 | 10 μg (i.t. 2 h post) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | TNF-α, IL-6↓; total protein, IgM↓; H&E↑ | [33] |
| PEI/DNA | β2-adrenergic receptor gene | ~60 | NG (i.v. 24 h post) | Bltw:CD1(ICR) mice LPS (i.t.) | Alveolar fluid clearance, lung W/D ratio↓; H&E↑, score↓; cell number, protein, TNF-α, IL-6↓; survival rate↑ | [31] |
| Proteolipid dex-HEMA-co-TMAEMA nanogels (Surfactant protein B) | TNF-α siRNA | ~200 | 100 mg nanogel loaded with 1 pmol siTNF-α (i.t. 24 h pre) | Female BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | TNF-α expression↓ | [63] |
| HMGB1A/heparin complex | HMGB1A | 113 | NG (i.t. 2 h post) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β↓; IL-4↑; IgM↓; H&E↑ | [64] |
| Perfluorocarbon emulsion polyplexes containing a fluorinated polymeric CXCR4 antagonist (F-PAMD@PFC) | PAI-1 siRNA | ~140 | 0.55 mg/kg siRNA (i.t. 45 min post) | Male Balb/C mice LPS (i.t.) | Lung W/D ratio, HYP, MPO, total cell counts↓; H&E↑ | [53] |
| γ-(4-Propargyloxybenzyl)-L-glutamic acid (Guanidinated & fluorinated) | TNF-α siRNA | ~150 | 200 μg/kg siRNA (i.t. 2 h post) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, lung W/D ratio↓; blood gas↑; H&E↑ | [62] |
| Poly(phosphorhydrazone) dendrimers (Mannose unit) | 1 mg/kg (p.o. 15 d pre) | Female BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice LPS (inh.) | Neutrophil counts, TNF-α↓; IL-10, CXCL-1, CXCL-2- | [52] | ||
| Polyamidoamine (Dexamethasone) | APN gene | 57.05 ± 1.02 | 10 μg pDNA (i.t. 0 h) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | TNF-α, IL-1β↓; H&E↑ | [72] |
| Polyamidoamine (Dexamethasone) | APN gene and RAP | 81.9 | 5 μg pDNA (i.t. 2 h post) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β↓; H&E↑ | [69] |
| Polyamidoamine (Cholesterol) | RSV & HO-1 gene | 120.4 ± 20.6 | 5 μg pDNA (i.t. 2 h post) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | NF-κB↓; IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6↓ | [71] |
| Polyamidoamine (cholesterol) | Cur & HO-1 gene | ~120 | 5 μg pDNA (i.t. 2 h post) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6↓; H&E↑ | [70] |
| Phosphorus dendrimers (Pyrrolidinium) | Anti-TNF-α siRNA | 120–190 | 2.0 mg/kg siRNA (i.n. 24 h pre) | Female CD-1 mice LPS (i.n.) | TNF-α, IFN-γ↓; IL-6, IL-10↑ | [73] |
| Self-assembling peptides (EAK16-II) and amino acids | PP2 | ~700 | 0.2 mg/kg (i.t. 1 h pre) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | Survival rate↑; total cells count, neutrophils/macrophages ration, total protein, TNF-α↓; IL-10↑ | [34] |
| R3V6 (3 arginines and 6 valines) peptide | siS1PLyase and HMGB1A | ~50 | 300 pmol siRNA (i.t. 2 h post) | Male BALB/c mice LPS (i.t.) | IL-6, TNF-α↓; H&E↑ | [68] |