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. 2021 Mar 18;14:145–171. doi: 10.2147/TACG.S252736

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© 2021 Dorschel and Wanebo.

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Proteins, cells, genes, and signaling pathways related to cerebral angiopathy characteristics in MA and associated disorders. (A) Arteriovenous malformation. (B) Intracranial aneurysm. (C) Vascular/internal carotid artery stenosis. (D) Stroke. Red indicates that the factor affects vascular stenosis (intimal thickening, media attenuation, and internal elastic lamina damage). Blue indicates that the factor affects aberrant angiogenesis (capillary sprouting). Green indicates that the factor affects both vascular stenosis and aberrant angiogenesis.

Notes: Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Abbreviations: See Supplemental Data.