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. 2021 Mar 23;10:e64909. doi: 10.7554/eLife.64909

Figure 4. Immune interactors of activated endothelial cells.

(a) UMAP representations of immune cell populations from healthy participants and COVID-19 patients annotated by cell types (left) and differential expressions of counter receptors ITGAL, SELPLG, and CX3CR1, which are known to interact with surface molecules of activated endothelial cells (right). (b) Distribution of the expressions of cytotoxic genes GZMA, GZMB, and PRF1 across immune cell populations.

Figure 4.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1. COVID-19 samples with or without cardiovascular comorbidity have a higher proportion of immune cells expressing counter receptor and cytotoxicity-associated genes.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1.

(a) Single cell transcriptomic dataset published by Schulte-Schrepping et al., 2020 were re-analyzed using the cellxgene platform hosted by Fastgenomics database (https://beta.fastgenomics.org/datasets/detail-dataset-952687f71ef34322a850553c4a24e82e#Cellxgene). The samples were annotated as mild (WHO 2–4) or severe (5—7) COVID-19 disease according to the WHO clinical ordinal scale and with or without cardiovascular commodity following publication Table S1 annotations. The UMAP representing immune cell populations compilated from healthy donor (n = 21), mild with (n = 4) or without (n = 4) cardiovascular comorbidity, and severe with (n = 8) or without (n = 2) cardiovascular comorbidity was annotated using the metadata included in the ‘cluster_labels_res.0.4els_res.0.4’ taxonomy. For better clarity, the clusters of the same cell type were pooled together. (b) Expression of counter receptors (ITGAL, SELPLG, and CX3CR1) and cytotoxicity-associated genes (PFR1, GMZB and GMZA) across immune cell population. Both set of genes are mainly expressed by CD8+ and NK cells and to some extent monocyte. (c) Distribution of the expression of counter receptors and cytotoxicity associated genes in CD8+ cell (top) and NK (bottom) in mild and severe COVID-19 samples with or without cardiovascular comorbidity. Compared to healthy donors, mild and severe COVID-19 samples have a higher proportion of NK or both CD8+ and NK cells expressing counter receptors and cytotoxicity-associated genes, respectively. No difference can be observed in presence or absence of cardiovascular comorbidity.