Table 1. Demographics of patients and healthy controls.
| Characteristics, N (%) | Healthy participants (n = 24) |
Non-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular risk factors (n = 20) |
Convalescent COVID-19 individuals (n = 30) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular risk factors (n = 15) | No cardiovascular risk (n = 15) | |||
| Age* | 46.5 (9.9) years | 62.4 (8.7) years | 54 (8.7) years | 42 (13.5) years |
| Age, male* | 46.3 (11.3) years | 62.3 (10.4) years | 54 (8.2) years | 36 (6.1) years |
| Age, female* | 46.8 (8.8) years | 63 (7.3) years | 54 (9.9) years | 48 (17.1) years |
| Gender, male | 12 (50) | 10 (50) | 8 (53.3) | 8 (53.3) |
| Gender, female | 12 (50) | 10 (50) | 7 (46.7) | 7 (46.7) |
| Ethnicity | Chinese 22 (91.7) | Chinese 17 (85) | Chinese 11 (73.3) | Chinese 13 (86.6) |
| Filipino 2 (8.3) | Indian 3 (15) | Malay 2 (13.3) | Indian 1 (6.7) | |
| Bangladeshi 1 (6.7) | Caucasian 1 (6.7) | |||
| Filipino 1 (6.7) | ||||
| Days post-symptom onset (median [IQR]) |
N.A. | N.A. | 34 (27–46) days | |
| COVID-19 severity | N.A. | N.A. | Mild 5 (33.3) | Mild 5 (33.3) |
| Moderate 5 (33.3) | Moderate 5 (33.3) | |||
| Severe 5 (33.3) | Severe 5 (33.3) | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 0 (0) | 20 (100) | 10 (66.7) | 0 (0) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0 (0) | 10 (50) | 11 (73.3) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | 9 (45) | 7 (46.7) | 0 (0) |
| Fatty liver | 0 (0) | Information not available | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 (0) | Information not available | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 (0) | 6 (30) | Information not available | Information not available |
| Myocardial infarction | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) |
All values are reported as N (%) where N indicates the number of observations.
*Values are expressed as mean (± standard deviation).