Table 2.
The statistical methods of all involved studies in this meta-analysis.
| Year | First author | Country | Sample size | Study type | Statistical method | Adjustment for confounders | Effect estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Kleijn | Netherlands | 9450 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Age, hormone replacement therapy use, hypertension, BMI, and social economic class. | HR |
| 2006 | Amagai | Japan | 4683 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazard model | Age, SBP, TC, HDL-C, history of DB, BMI, smoking, alcohol, marital status, study area, and type of menopause. | HR |
| 2006 | Cui | Japan | 37965 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazard model | Age, smoking, alcohol, marital status, type of menopause, education, hypertension, and diabetes. | HR |
| 2007 | Hong | Korea | 2658 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Age, alcohol consumption, education, age at first birth, self-cognitive health level, chronic disease, marital partner, parity, age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, and hypertension. | HR |
| 2012 | Tom | USA | 1684 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Age, education, pregnancy number, age at menarche, smoking, height, weight, and use of ET. | HR |
| 2014 | Wu | China | 31955 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazard model | Age at study enrollment, BMI, WHR, education, occupation, income, regular exercise, current smoking or alcohol, marital status, age at menarche, and number of live births. | HR |
| 2018 | Lay | Brazil | 868 | Cohort study | Cox regression model | Social, year of birth, education, marital status, race, reproductive, parity, smoking, number of chronic diseases, and ET. | HR |
| 2019 | Malek | USA | 11287 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Age, race, education, medical conditions, behavioral characteristics, and type of menopause. | HR |
| 2019 | Zhang | USA | 75359 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Baseline age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol, marital status, education level, physical exercise, hormone replacement therapy use, CVD history, number of live births, age at first birth, and type of menopause. | HR |
| 2020 | Shen | Taiwan | 36931 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Birth cohort, education, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and high blood cholesterol. | HR |
| 1998 | Cooper | USA | 3191 | Cohort study | Poisson regression procedures | Age, education, race, smoking, use of estrogen therapy, and years of follow-up. | RR |
| 1999 | Jacobsen | USA | 5279 | Cohort study | Proportional hazards model | DB, hypertension, parity, age at first birth, leisure PA, education, BMI, current use of estrogen, ever-smoking, vegetarian status, and dietary pattern. | RR |
| 2000 | Cooper | USA | 826 | Cohort study | Logistic regression model | Age, smoking, use of estrogen replacement therapy, and parity. | RR |
| 2003 | Jacobsen | Norway | 19731 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Attained age, county, occupation, and birth cohort. | RR |
| 2005 | Mondul | USA | 68154 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazards model | Age, race, marital status, BMI, age at menarche, parity, education, alcohol, oral contraceptive use, and exercise. | RR |
| 2013 | Li | USA | 11212 | Cohort study | Cox proportional hazard model | Age and time period, education, marital status, BMI, smoking, alcohol, PE, dietary pattern, menarche age, parity or first birth, reproductive factors, contraceptive use, lactation duration, and unilateral oophorectomy. | RR |
RR: relative risk; HR: hazard ratio; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PE: physical education; TC: total cholesterol; DB: diabetes mellitus; WHR: waist-to hip ratio; PA: physical activity.