Table 3.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with perceived affordability of essential medicines in public health facilities of the Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.
| Variable | Not affordable | Affordable | p value | 95% CI for COR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Category | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age | 18–29 | 117 (65.7%) | 61 (34.3%) | 0.397 | (0.793,3.086) |
| 30–44 | 154 (61.8%) | 95 (38.2%) | 0.066∗∗ | (1.260,3.569) | |
| 45–64 | 74 (39.8%) | 49 (60.2%) | 0.056∗∗ | (1.382,4.018) | |
| ≥65 | 42 (75%) | 14 (25%) | 1 | ||
|
| |||||
| Marital status | Single | 138 (68.3%) | 64 (31.7%) | 0.048∗∗ | (1.008,4.236) |
| Married | 168 (54.7%) | 139 (45.3%) | 0.000∗∗ | (1.846,7.359) | |
| Divorced | 32 (86.5%) | 5 (13.5%) | 0.536 | (0.221,2.192) | |
| Widowed | 49 (81.7%) | 11 (18.3%) | 1 | ||
|
| |||||
| Sex | Female | 183 (64.9%) | 99 (35.1%) | 0.622 | 1 |
| Male | 204 (63%) | 120 (37%) | (0.780,1.516) | ||
|
| |||||
| Educational status | No education | 166 (73.8%) | 59 (26.2%) | 0.303 | 1 |
| Primary | 103 (66%) | 53 (34%) | 0.124∗∗ | (0.928,2.259) | |
| Secondary | 90 (66.2%) | 46 (33.8%) | 0.000∗∗ | (1.015,2.285) | |
| College and above | 28 (31.5%) | 61 (68.5%) | (3.583,10.487) | ||
|
| |||||
| Occupational status | Farmer | 120 (77.9%) | 34 (22.1%) | 0.000∗∗ | 1 |
| Merchant | 50 (37.0%) | 85 (63.0%) | 0.551 | (3.579,10.059) | |
| Student | 52 (74.3%) | 18 (25.7%) | 0.956 | (0.633,2.358) | |
| House wife | 79 (78.2%) | 22 (21.8%) | 0.000∗∗ | (0.536,1.803) | |
| Government employee | 23 (31.9%) | 49 (68.1%) | 0.195∗∗ | (4.025,14.045) | |
| Daily laborer | 54 (85.7%) | 9 (14.3%) | 0.763 | (0.164,0.912) | |
| Others+ | 9 (81.8%) | 2 (18.2%) | (0.162,3.803) | ||
|
| |||||
| Place of residence | Rural | 285 (73.1%) | 105 (26.9%) | 0.000∗∗ | 1 |
| Urban | 102 (47.3%) | 114 (52.7%) | (2.141,4.298) | ||
|
| |||||
| Number of economically dependent family members | None | 55 (71.4%) | 22 (28.6%) | 0.398 | (0.716,2.318) |
| One | 42 (51.9%) | 39 (48.1%) | 0.000∗∗ | (1.744,5.126) | |
| Two | 44 (51.8%) | 41 (48.2%) | 0.000∗∗ | (1.765,5.101) | |
| Three | 44 (54.3%) | 37 (45.7%) | 0.000∗∗ | (1.578,4.647) | |
| Four | 41 (57.7%) | 30 (42.3%) | 0.003∗∗ | (1.335,4.157) | |
| More than four | 161 (76.3%) | 50 (23.7%) | 1 | ||
|
| |||||
| Estimated monthly income in USD | 10–50$ | 210 (75.8%) | 67 (24.2%) | 0.007∗∗ | 1 |
| 51–115$ | 133 (64.6%) | 73 (35.4%) | 0.000∗∗ | (1.157, 2.557) | |
| 116–170$ | 21 (30.9%) | 47 (69.1%) | 0.000∗∗ | (3.915,12.571) | |
| 171–225$ | 15 (40.0%) | 25 (62.5%) | 0.060∗∗ | (2.603,10.485) | |
| >225$ | 8 (53.3%) | 7 (46.7%) | (1.959,7.845) | ||
|
| |||||
| Level of the health facility | Hospital | 108 (78.3%) | 29 (21.7%) | 0.000∗∗ | 1 |
| HC | 279 (59.5%) | 190 (40.5%) | (1.618,3.975) | ||
|
| |||||
| Number of dispensed medicines per patient | ≤2 | 153 (49.4%) | 157 (50.6%) | 0.000∗∗ | 1 |
| >2 | 234 (79.1%) | 62 (20.9%) | (0.181,0.369) | ||
|
| |||||
| Length of Rx for diagnosed diseases | Rx requires ≥1 month | 65 (68.4%) | 30 (31.6%) | 0.314 | 1 |
| Rx requires <1 month | 322 (63%) | 189 (37%) | (0.796,2.032) | ||
∗∗ Candidate variables with p < 0.25. +Others like private employees and NGO employees.