Table 3.
| Avoidance of scheduled health services | Avoidance of acute healthcare | Self-medication | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | p | No | Yes | p | No | Yes | p | ||
| N = 1315 (86.8) | N = 200 (13.2) | N = 1397 (93.5) | N = 97 (6.4) | N = 1420 (93.7) | N = 74 (4.9) | |||||
| Age* | 42 (23) | 42 (25) | 0.992 | 42 (23) | 43.5 (23) | 0.880 | 42 (24) | 42 (16) | 0.230 | |
| Gender | Male | 86.5 | 13.5 | 0.851 | 95.0 | 5.0 | 0.087 | 96.4 | 3.6 | 0.073 |
| Female | 86.8 | 13.2 | 92.7 | 7.3 | 94.3 | 5.7 | ||||
| Citizenship | Italian | 86.5 | 13.5 | 0.048 | 93.6 | 6.4 | 0.266 | 95.1 | 4.9 | 0.830 |
| Other | 100.0 | 0.0 | 88.0 | 12.0 | 96.0 | 4.0 | ||||
| Geographical Area | North | 86.8 | 13.2 | 0.785 | 93.5 | 6.5 | 0.614 | 95.3 | 4.7 | 0.175 |
| Centre | 85.5 | 14.5 | 92.0 | 8.0 | 96.0 | 4.0 | ||||
| South | 85.1 | 14.9 | 94.8 | 5.2 | 91.8 | 8.2 | ||||
| Living alone | No | 87.4 | 12.6 | 0.185 | 93.2 | 6.8 | 0.805 | 95.4 | 4.6 | 0.144 |
| Yes | 84.5 | 15.5 | 93.6 | 6.4 | 93.2 | 6.8 | ||||
| Education Level | High school or lower | 88.4 | 11.6 | 0.246 | 93.5 | 6.5 | 0.959 | 96.5 | 3.5 | 0.080 |
| University | 86.2 | 13.8 | 93.4 | 6.6 | 94.4 | 5.6 | ||||
| Occupation | No | 88.6 | 11.4 | 0.185 | 91.8 | 8.2 | 0.089 | 97.3 | 2.7 | 0.010 |
| Yes | 86.0 | 14.0 | 94.2 | 5.8 | 94.1 | 5.9 | ||||
| Activity during lockdown | No variation | 87.0 | 13.0 | 0.474 | 93.6 | 6.4 | 0.992 | 96.4 | 3.6 | 0.137 |
| Smart working | 86.1 | 13.9 | 93.2 | 6.8 | 94.0 | 6.0 | ||||
| Guaranteed income | 84.2 | 15.8 | 93.2 | 6.8 | 92.4 | 7.6 | ||||
| Activity Stopped | 89.3 | 10.7 | 93.3 | 6.7 | 95.8 | 4.2 | ||||
| Healthcare worker | No | 87.4 | 12.6 | 0.150 | 92.8 | 7.2 | 0.076 | 95.2 | 4.8 | 0.531 |
| Yes | 84.2 | 15.8 | 97.7 | 4.3 | 94.3 | 5.7 | ||||
| Healthcare worker (relative) | No | 86.9 | 13.1 | 0.814 | 93.7 | 6.3 | 0.618 | 95.5 | 44.5 | 0.245 |
| Yes | 86.5 | 13.5 | 93.0 | 7.0 | 94.2 | 5.8 | ||||
| Health Insurance | No | 86.3 | 13.7 | 0.517 | 92.9 | 7.1 | 0.283 | 95.6 | 4.4 | 0.180 |
| Yes | 87.5 | 12.5 | 94.4 | 5.6 | 94.0 | 6.0 | ||||
| Chronic Conditions | No | 86.7 | 13.3 | 0.725 | 94.2 | 5.8 | 0.020 | 95.7 | 4.3 | 0.056 |
| Yes | 87.4 | 12.6 | 90.6 | 9.4 | 93.1 | 6.9 | ||||
| Time spent on internet (Trend) | Stable | 87.0 | 13.0 | 0.662 | 95.4 | 4.6 | 0.330 | 96.3 | 3.7 | 0.197 |
| Increased | 86.5 | 13.5 | 92.8 | 7.2 | 94.4 | 5.6 | ||||
| Decreased | 95.5 | 4.5 | 95.5 | 4.5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| I do not know | 85.2 | 14.8 | 96.3 | 3.7 | 100.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Source of Information (Internet) | No | 88.2 | 11.8 | 0.473 | 93.1 | 6.9 | 0.771 | 96.7 | 3.3 | 0.178 |
| Yes | 86.5 | 13.5 | 93.6 | 6.4 | 94.7 | 5.3 | ||||
| Trust level* | Doctors | 8.5 (2) | 8 (6) | 0.343 | 9 (2) | 8 (2) | 0.002 | 9 (2) | 8 (2) | 0.599 |
| Politicians | 5 (3) | 5 (7) | 0.049 | 5 (3) | 4 (3) | 0.211 | 5 (3) | 5 (4) | 0.836 | |
| Experts | 6 (2) | 6 (2) | 0.137 | 6 (2) | 6 (3) | 0.537 | 6 (2) | 6 (3) | 0.965 | |
| Journalists | 5 (3) | 5 (3) | 0.607 | 5 (3) | 5 (3) | 0.191 | 5 (3) | 3.5 (5) | 0.627 | |
| Received chain letter/messages | No | 87.4 | 12.6 | 0.751 | 95.8 | 4.2 | 0.127 | 96.7 | 3.3 | 0.202 |
| Yes | 86.6 | 13.4 | 92.9 | 7.1 | 94.6 | 5.4 | ||||
| Online grocery | No | 87.2 | 12.8 | 0.693 | 94.8 | 5.2 | 0.085 | 95.1 | 4.9 | 0.912 |
| Yes | 86.5 | 13.5 | 92.5 | 7.5 | 95.0 | 5.0 | ||||
| Fear of going out | No | 86.8 | 13.2 | 0.831 | 95.3 | 4.7 | <0.001 | 95.8 | 4.2 | 0.032 |
| Yes | 87.2 | 12.8 | 89.1 | 10.9 | 93.2 | 6.8 | ||||
| Activity avoidance (fear of injuries) | No | 85.9 | 14.1 | 0.131 | 95.6 | 4.4 | <0.001 | 94.9 | 5.1 | 0.725 |
| Yes | 89.1 | 10.9 | 86.6 | 13.4 | 95.3 | 4.7 | ||||
| Activity avoidance (peer pressure) | No | 85.9 | 14.1 | 0.132 | 94.9 | 5.1 | <0.001 | 95.1 | 4.9 | 0.643 |
| Yes | 88.9 | 11.1 | 89.3 | 10.7 | 94.5 | 5.5 | ||||
| Depression (PHQ-2) | No | 86.3 | 13.7 | 0.578 | 94.8 | 5.2 | <0.001 | 95.4 | 4.6 | 0.191 |
| Yes | 87.5 | 12.5 | 89.4 | 10.6 | 933.7 | 31.1 | ||||
| Anxiety (GAD-2) | No | 86.4 | 13.6 | 0.575 | 94.7 | 5.3 | 0.001 | 95.7 | 4.3 | 0.026 |
| Yes | 87.5 | 12.5 | 89.6 | 10.4 | 92.8 | 7.2 | ||||
| Trouble Sleeping | No | 87.4 | 12.6 | 0.366 | 95.9 | 4.1 | <0.001 | 96.5 | 3.5 | 0.002 |
| Yes | 85.7 | 14.3 | 90.1 | 9.9 | 92.9 | 7.1 | ||||
Figures are absolute frequencies or Median and Interquartile Range (IQR), when appropriate.
⁎
Continuous variable.