Fig. 7.
Bioefficacy of hesperetin in an AD cell culture model. Cells were treated with ethanolic hesperetin solution (left), hesperetin nanocrystals 680 nm (middle), or hesperetin nanocrystals 170 nm (0.1–0.3 mg/ml). I: model for early stage of AD-basal ATP levels of SH-SY5Y-AßAPPwt cells after 24 h incubation with different concentrations (0.01–10 µM). II: model for progressed stage of AD-ATP levels of SH-SY5Y-AßAPPwt cells after insult with rotenone (25 µM) for 24 h and after preincubation with the different hesperetin formulations for 1 h and insult with rotenone (25 µM) for 24 h. Cells treated with cell culture medium served as control (100%); cells treated with the respective ethanol concentration did not show significantly altered ATP levels (left); n = 8; mean ± SEM; t test; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. III: rel. increase in ATP levels when compared with untreated control