Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the trial population
| Characteristic | Vitamin K (n = 35) | Placebo (n = 33) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 ± 8 | 69 ± 8 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 26 (74) | 26 (79) |
| Body mass index | 31 ± 6 | 31 ± 5 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 136 ± 21 | 138 ± 14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 70 ± 11 | 74 ± 9 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 6 (17) | 4 (12) |
| Previous smokers, n (%) | 24 (67) | 18 (55) |
| Never smokers, n (%) | 5 (15) | 11 (33) |
| Medical history | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 12 (34) | 11 (33) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 23 (66) | 18 (55) |
| Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 6 (17) | 10 (30) |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm, n (%) | 2 (6) | 4 (12) |
| Medication | ||
| Antihypertensive, n (%) | 30 (86) | 30 (90) |
| Glucose lowering, n (%) | 30 (86) | 30 (90) |
| Lipid lowering, n (%) | 16 (46) | 15 (46) |
| Laboratory measurements | ||
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 57 ± 15 | 60 ± 17 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.2 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.9 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 2.8 (1.8–3.4) | 1.9 (1.5–2.7) |
| dp-ucMGP, pmol/l | 613 (513–684) | 615 (489–743) |
| Arterial calcification | ||
| Intracranial internal carotid artery, mass score | 12 (3–25) | 3 (0–35) |
| Common carotid artery, mass score | 3 (0–25) | 2 (0–10) |
| Coronary arteries, mass score | 74 (13–165) | 46 (1–148) |
| Aorta, mass score | 742 (322–1337) | 365 (39–1144) |
| Iliac arteries, mass score | 633 (242–1148) | 337 (66–764) |
| Leg arteries, mass score | 309 (93–851) | 90 (11–627) |
| Total arterial calcification, mass score | 1694 (812–3584) | 1182 (235–2445) |
| Bone mineral density | ||
| Thoracic vertebrae, HU | 162 ± 44 | 166 ± 45 |
| Lumbar vertebrae, HU | 126 ± 36 | 133 ± 48 |
| All vertebrae, HU | 151 ± 39 | 156 ± 43 |
Values are n (%), mean ± SD or median (interquartile range)
HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, dp-ucMGP = dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix glycoprotein, HU Hounsfield units