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. 2021 Mar 22;31(6):1165–1174.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.034

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Discrete neuronal responses to motion stimuli in monocular visual fields can be imaged in the visual cortex of awake mice

(A) Diagram illustrating optic flow patterns induced by self-motion. Forward and backward movements induce translational optic flow (left), and leftward and rightward turns induce rotational optic flow (right). Blue arrows indicate the dominant apparent motions in the visual space surrounding the mouse; gray dotted arrows indicate direction of locomotion.

(B) Diagram of the visual stimulus setup. Spherically corrected gratings moved in either nasal (N) or temporal (T) directions (10°/s or 40°/s with 0.03 cycles/°). The stimulus was not displayed in the binocular visual field (frontal 40°) to ensure stimulation of only the monocular visual fields. Imaging was performed in the visual cortex of the left hemisphere.

(C) Visual field sign map obtained with intrinsic signal optical imaging showing the location of visual cortical areas.

(D) (Left) Two-photon imaging was performed from identified visual cortical areas. (Right) Example image of GCaMP6f-expressing neurons in layer 2/3 of V1 is shown.

(E) Example trial-averaged fluorescence intensity (ΔF/F) time courses for the neurons highlighted in (D) in response to monocular and binocular motion at 10°/s. Error bars are mean ± SEM.

(F) Tuning curves of the neurons in (E). Error bars are mean ± SEM.

(G) (Left) Map of all 256 regressors. (Right) Response matrix of the tuning curves for all consistently responsive V1 neurons is shown.

(H) Regressor profiles and tuning curves for V1 neurons assigned to functional groups within the simple, translation- or rotation-selective, and binocular-suppressed response classes.

BiDS, binocular DS; BiS, binocular suppressed; BT, backward translational; CR, contraversive rotational; E, excited by; FT, forward translational; IR, ipsiversive rotational; L, left eye; MoDS, monocular DS; N, nasalward; NDS, non-DS; R, right eye; SP, specific; T, temporalward. See also Table S1, Figures S1–S4, and Video S1.