Table 1.
Clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics | All (%) | EVF− (%) | EVF+ (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 147 | 114 (77.6) | 33 (22.4) |
| Age (average) | 72.8 | 71.2 | 78 |
| Female | 101 (68.7) | 79 (69.3) | 22 (66.7) |
| Hypertension | 105 (71.4) | 79 (69.3) | 26 (78.8) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 79 (53.7) | 57 (50) | 22 (66.7) |
| Diabetes | 24 (16.3) | 20 (17.5) | 4 (12.1) |
| Coronary artery disease | 43 (29.3) | 33 (28.9) | 10 (30.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 66 (44.9) | 48 (42.1) | 18 (54.5) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 24 (16.3) | 17 (14.9) | 7 (21.2) |
| Smoking (Prior/Active) | 49 (33.3) | 43 (37.7) | 6 (18.2) |
| Prior stroke | 18 (12.2) | 14 (12.3) | 4 (12.1) |
| Prior intracerebral hemorrhage | 3 (2.0) | 3 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
| Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet therapy | |||
| Aspirin | 48 (32.7) | 39 (34.2) | 9 (27.3) |
| Clopidogrel | 7 (4.8) | 6 (5.2) | 1 (3.0) |
| Warfarin | 13 (8.8) | 10 (8.8) | 3 (9.1) |
| Heparin | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) |
| Direct oral anticoagulant | 16 (10.9) | 14 (12.3) | 2 (6.1) |
| Baseline scores | |||
| Baseline NIHSS (average) | 15.5 | 15.0 | 17.2 |
| Baseline mRS (average) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Thrombolysis | |||
| IV tPA | 36 (24.5) | 26 (22.8) | 10 (30.3) |
| Time to IV tPA (min), average | 110 | 110 | 111 |
| Occlusion site | |||
| Internal carotid artery | 49 (33.3) | 35 (30.7) | 14 (42.4) |
| M1 | 81 (55.1) | 66 (57.9) | 15 (45.5) |
| M2 | 17 (11.6) | 13 (11.4) | 4 (12.1) |
| TICI score | |||
| 2a | 15 (10.2) | 8 (7.0) | 7 (21.2) |
| 2b | 52 (35.4) | 41 (36.0) | 11 (33.3) |
| 3 | 80 (54.4) | 65 (57.0) | 15 (45.5) |
| Time to recanalisation (min), average | 293 | 291 | 299 |
| Post-treatment imaging modality | |||
| CT | 145 (98.6) | 113 (99.1) | 32 (97.0) |
| MRI | 93 (63.3) | 70 (61.4) | 23 (69.7) |
| Both | 92 (62.3) | 70 (61.4) | 22 (66.7) |
| Reperfusion hemorrhage | |||
| Any hemorrhage | 42 (28.6) | 28 (24.6) | 14 (42.4) |
| HI1 | 13 (8.8) | 8 (7.0) | 5 (15.2) |
| HI2 | 7 (4.8) | 6 (5.3) | 1 (3.0) |
| PH1 | 15 (10.2) | 10 (8.8) | 5 (15.2) |
| PH2 | 7 (4.8) | 4 (3.5) | 3 (9.1) |
EVF, Early Venous Filling; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; IV tPA, Intra-Venous tissue Plasminogen Activator; TICI, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; CT, Computed Tomography; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; HI, Hemorrhagic Infarction; PH, Parenchymal Hematoma.