Table 3.
Population, sample size, and setting for empirical studies of low-level blast in humans and animals.
| Citation | Population | N | Setting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human studies | |||
| Baker et al. (26) | Canadian law enforcement | 14 | Police explosives technicians – forced entry for instructors course |
| Blennow et al. (27) | Swedish law enforcement | 79 | Training exercises |
| Bonnette et al. (28) | American law enforcement | 23 | SWAT team training |
| Capo-Aponte et al. (29) | American military | 17 | Breacher training course |
| Carr et al. (31) | American military | 40 | Breacher training course |
| Carr et al. (30) | American military and civilian law enforcement | 184 | Online survey |
| Carr et al. (32) | American military | 108 | Breacher training courses |
| Gill et al. (33) | American military | 62 | Breacher training courses |
| Gill et al. (34) | American military | 62 | Breacher training courses |
| Kamimori et al. (36) | American military and law enforcement | Not listed | Advanced military and law enforcement training programs |
| Kamimori et al. (35) | New Zealand military | 22 | Breacher training course |
| Kubli et al. (37) | American military | 15 | Breacher training course |
| Kulik et al. (38) | Polish civilians | 100 | Explosives manufacturing company |
| Littlefield et al. (39) | American military | 15 | Breacher training course |
| McBride and Williams (40) | British civilians | 357 | Electricity transmission company |
| McBride and Williams (41) | British civilians | 357 | Electricity transmission company |
| Rhea et al. (42) | American military | 59 | Desert warfare training course |
| St. Onge et al. (43) | American military | Not listed | Breacher training course |
| Tate et al. (11) | New Zealand military | 19 | Breacher training courses |
| Yuan et al. (44) | American law enforcement | 18 | SWAT team training |
| Animal studies | |||
| Ahlers et al. (45) | Rat | 122 | Shock tube |
| Ahmed et al. (46) | Mice | 25 | Shock tube |
| Chen et al. (47) | Chinchillas | 14 | Compressed nitrogen-driven blast apparatus |
| Choi et al. (48) | Rats | 15 | Shock tube |
| Elsayed and Gorbunov (49) | Rats | Not listed | Shock tube |
| Hall et al. (50) | Rats | 70 | Shock tube |
| Li et al. (51) | Rats | 10 | Shock tube |
| Lien and Dickman (52) | Mice | Not listed | Shock tube |
| Park et al. (53) | Rats | 124 | Shock tube |
| Perez-Garcia et al. (54) | Rats | Not listed | Shock tube |
| Perez-Garcia et al. (55) | Rats | 28 | Shock tube |
| Por et al. (56) | Rats | 25 | Shock tube |
| Pun et al. (57) | Rats | 58 | Open field explosives |
| Saljo et al. (59) | Rats | 144 | Blast tube |
| Saljo et al. (60) | Rats | 180 | Shock tube |
| Saljo et al. (58) | Pigs | 115 | Various weapons and shock tube |
| Song et al. (64) | Mice | 72 | Open field explosives |
| Song et al. (63) | Mice | 20 | Open field explosives |
| Sosa et al. (62) | Rats | Not listed | Shock tube |
| Sosa et al. (61) | Rats | Not listed | Shock tube |
| VandeVord et al. (65) | Rats | 80 | Shock tube |
| Zuckerman et al. (66) | Rats | 98 | Exploding wire |