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. 2021 Mar 23;11:6607. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86153-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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hNDR1-PIF partially rescues axis elongation in fry-depleted embryos. (a–e) 4-cell Xenopus embryos were injected into both dorsal blastomeres as indicated and fixed at St. 30. (a) Uninjected embryos. (b) fry-MO (15 ng) injected embryos. (c) fry-MO (15 ng) + hNDR1-wt mRNA (250 pg) co-injected embryos (d) fry-MO (15 ng) + hNDR1-PIF mRNA (250 pg) co-injected embryos. (e) fry-MO (15 ng) + hNDR1-kd mRNA (250 pg) co-injected embryos. Representative embryos are shown. (f) Quantitation of the percentage of embryos showing the different phenotypes: “Not affected”, “Shortened axis” or “Shortened axis & Head-less” phenotypes. Embryos were scored as “Shortened axis” when presented < 80% of the body length relative to the average length of control embryos. Data on graph is presented as mean. N: number of independent experiments, n: number of embryos. Statistical significance was evaluated using Chi-square test (****,^††††p < 0.0001 and ^†††p < 0.001). * represents the comparison to the uninjected group and † represents the comparison to the fry-MO injected group.