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. 2021 Mar 23;11:6607. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86153-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Loss of Fry impairs convergent extension movements and can be compensated by constitutively active hNDR1-PIF kinase. (a–g) Dorsal marginal zone explants were prepared from Xenopus embryos at early gastrula stage (St. 10.5) and culture until late neurula stage (St. 19) when the elongation of the explant was evaluated. (a) Uninjected embryos. (b) Standard Control morpholino (St-MO) (15 ng) injected embryos. (c) fry-MO (15 ng) injected embryos and (d) fry-MO (15 ng) + FD + LZ mRNA (800 pg) co-injected embryos. (e) fry-MO (15 ng) + hNDR1-wt mRNA (250 pg) co-injected embryos (f) fry-MO (15 ng) + hNDR1-PIF mRNA (250 pg) co-injected embryos and (g) fry-MO (15 ng) + hNDR1-kd mRNA (250 pg) co-injected embryos. Representative explants are shown. (h) Percentage of elongation of dorsal marginal zone explants from embryos treated as indicated. Elongation was calculated as the difference between the initial and final length of the explants (St. 10.5 vs. St. 19) relative to the mean of the uninjected group (considered 100% elongation, dotted line). Each point represents a single explant. N: number of independent experiments, n: number of explants. Statistical significance was evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test (****,^††††p < 0.0001 and **,^††p < 0.01). * represents the comparison to the uninjected group and † represents the comparison to the fry-MO injected group.