Table 2.

The list of functional groups and their contributions for the GC models for density, refractive index, heat capacity, speed of sound and surface tension.

Group	Density		Refractive index		Heat capacity		Speed of sound		Surface tension
	$\mathrm{\Delta }{\rho }_1^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }{\rho }_2^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }{n}_1^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }{n}_2^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }C{p}_1^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }C{p}_2^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }{u}_1^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }{u}_2^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }{\sigma }_1^G$	$\mathrm{\Delta }{\sigma }_2^G$
Without Ring
$-C{H}_3$	61.91	1.53	160.09	5.70	85.44	− 445.78	381.49	164.90	19.99	8.31
$-C{H}_2-$	41.87	8.27	19.02	5.80	1.13	159.25	36.98	16.26	16.77	17.40
$>CH-$	− 7.03	− 29.59	− 40.22	107.99	139.93	− 22.20	174.57	47.75	17.73	17.65
$>C<$	− 156.89	53.40	− 138.77	310.05	434.91	39.84	41.85	− 146.00	12.04	22.76
$>C=$	− 194.64	313.70	− 225.17	328.86	–	–	40.33	6.31	22.57	11.56
$>C=O$	23.62	147.10	1168.38	620.49	–	–	–	–	11.93	25.86
$=C{H}_2$	− 67.50	− 41.90	25.75	91.21	–	–	–	–	25.50	23.71
$=CH-$	6.35	− 92.34	− 7.63	121.13	–	–	–	–	8.45	10.48
$O-C=O$	− 12.70	71.88	564.20	− 76.33	− 123.27	34.46	56.86	− 63.70	–	–
$-COOH$	− 21.79	73.88	28.67	− 46.23	38.00	− 529.75	196.99	61.88	11.82	8.62
$\mathit{OH}$	− 30.59	11.13	26.23	− 7.34	12.47	− 527.29	337.31	113.45	22.00	18.90
$-O-$	− 54.78	4.11	− 14.76	− 1.76	60.87	− 273.17	− 52.21	− 21.97	9.74	5.80
${\left[>N<\right]}^{+}$	16.78	85.54	− 210.44	166.33	− 63.80	− 105.70	301.46	90.53	8.34	20.74
$>N-/{\left[>NH-\right]}^{+}$	− 19.15	− 53.08	− 15.08	44.23	− 79.15	− 10.19	–	–	19.97	15.89
$>NH/{\left[>N{H}_2\right]}^{+}$	145.55	22.74	− 218.94	128.78	–	–	–	–	10.93	9.47
$-N{H}_2/{\left[-N{H}_3\right]}^{+}$	− 8.21	32.36	101.73	124.03	− 1.06	− 217.59	190.29	36.42	17.42	14.97
$=NH$	− 91.68	148.78	− 172.92	169.16	–	–	–	–	14.14	19.14
$F$	− 5.99	23.58	− 119.61	208.64	− 4.23	− 146.36	52.48	46.58	18.15	10.91
$\mathit{Cl}$	4.39	17.68	68.23	− 16.50	− 92.23	− 88.93	254.11	− 12.96	11.69	19.83
$\mathit{Br}$	24.90	176.21	15.77	260.47	21.24	58.15	–	–	13.61	23.94
$P$	− 45.29	289.98	− 37.67	− 873.14	26.76	46.60	–	–	19.49	19.10
$I$	–	–	7.12	5.30	–	–	–	–	–	–
$-S-$	–	–	− 119.56	1.81	–	–	–	–	10.15	15.56
$O=S=O$	− 62.28	18.30	− 127.74	− 587.05	–	–	85.30	− 254.08	–	–
Saturated Ring
$=CH-$	22.10	12.76	− 1.55	97.75	18.55	− 58.81	129.80	112.73	22.18	17.46
$>C=$	− 19.37	18.87	− 55.27	116.96	− 0.52	− 62.85	19.82	− 294.30	5.67	18.46
$=N-$	69.14	53.63	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
${\left[>N=\right]}^{+}$	–	–	–	–	–	–	64.83	− 72.41	–	–
$>N-/{\left[>NH-\right]}^{+}$	104.13	235.50	–	–	–	–	46.44	− 75.25	–	–
$\mathit{OH}$	0.81	17.09	86.19	78.79	− 12.46	− 314.64	135.18	15.47	7.56	17.90
$\mathit{Cl}$	− 20.59	50.74	− 9.90	− 67.41	–	–	–	–	–	–
$-O-$	− 10.38	13.66	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
$O=S=O$	–	–	− 29.04	84.06	–	–	–	–	–	–
Unsaturated Ring
$-C{H}_2-$	36.89	2.31	52.44	23.81	–	–	155.46	100.18	–	–
$>CH-$	47.49	187.89	338.04	− 185.99	25.90	− 95.14	142.09	− 20.32	16.20	17.72
$>C<$	114.87	544.91	− 191.20	803.92	117.51	25.39	− 104.84	14.41	15.57	19.85
$>C=O$	–	–	–	–	–	–	53.65	− 228.27	–	–
$-O-$	64.27	236.80	− 141.08	736.54	53.69	8.77	− 16.50	0.53	21.17	7.27
$>NH/{\left[>N{H}_2\right]}^{+}$	42.77	90.43	− 54.53	644.84	–	–	7.11	− 36.01	–	–
$\mathit{OH}$	51.89	186.16	− 77.33	453.43	103.46	− 74.96	29.90	60.11	11.27	6.89