Table 1.
Statistics for Figure 1
| Panel and dependent variable | Omnibus test | Effect of group (closed/control or open) | Effect of session (O1, O2, C1, …) | Interaction group X session | Post hoc tests across groups (correcteda) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D, pushes/door/min | Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA | F(1, 72) = 40.6, p < 0.001 | F(4, 72) = 7.6, p < 0.001 | F(4, 72) = 27.9, p < 0.001 | C1: p < 0.001 |
| C2: p < 0.001 | |||||
| O3: p = 0.021 | |||||
| All other p > 0.75 | |||||
| E, pushes/door/min | F(1, 40) = 7.2, p = 0.022 | F(4, 40) = 2.6, p = 0.053 | F(4, 40) = 21.4, p < 0.001 | C1: p < 0.001 | |
| C2: p < 0.001 | |||||
| O3: p < 0.006 | |||||
| all other p > 0.15 | |||||
| D versus E | Group = Closed-Door versus One-Way F(1, 140) = 7.9, p = 0.0056 | F(4, 140) = 32.5, p < 0.001 | F(4, 140) = 7.5, p < 0.001 | C1: p = 0.0016, | |
| Closed-Door versus One-Way difference | All other p > 0.13 | ||||
| F | F(1, 54) = 0.5, p = 0.493 | F(3, 54) = 0.7, p = 0.576 | F(3, 54) = 0.4, p = 0.772 | N/A | |
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, O1 | |||||
| F | F(1, 54) = 2.6, p = 0.126 | F(3, 54) = 5.0, p = 0.004 | F(3, 54) = 0.7, p = 0.553 | N/A | |
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, O2 | |||||
| F | F(1, 54) = 53.5, p < 0.001 | F(3, 54) = 23.6, p < 0.001 | F(3, 54) = 0.9, p = 0.434 | Q1: p = 0.044 | |
| Q2: p = 0.003 | |||||
| Q3: p = 0.002 | |||||
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, C1 | Q4: p < 0.001 | ||||
| F | F(1, 54) = 102.1, p < 0.001 | F(3, 54) = 9.3, p < 0.001 | F(3, 54) = 1.6, p = 0.192 | All p < 0.001 | |
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, C2 | |||||
| G | F(1, 30) = 3.0, p = 0.117 | F(3, 30) = 2.7, p = 0.064 | F(3, 30) = 0.2, p = 0.900 | N/A | |
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, O1 | |||||
| G | F(1, 30) = 0.9, p = 0.367 | F(3, 30) = 2.9, p = 0.0497 | F(3, 30) = 0.0, p = 0.994 | N/A | |
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, O2 | |||||
| G | F(1, 30) = 40.4, p < 0.001 | F(3, 30) = 9.0, p < 0.001 | F(3, 30) = 4.2, p = 0.014 | All p < 0.001 | |
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, C1 | |||||
| G | F(1, 30) = 97.4, p < 0.001 | F(3, 30) = 4.8, p = 0.007 | F(3, 30) = 1.1, p = 0.371 | All p < 0.001 | |
| Session quarter pushes/door/min, C2 | |||||
| I | F(3, 216) = 1.2, p = 0.300 | F(4, 216) = 1.2, p = 0.340 | F(12, 216) = 1.0, p = 0.430 | N/A | |
| Time per box in every session | |||||
| J | F(1, 116) = 46.9, p < 0.001 | F(4, 116) = 9.7, p < 0.001 | F(4, 116) = 2.2, p = 0.072 | All p < 0.001 | |
| Speed change post- bell | |||||
| K | F(1, 116) = 183.6, p < 0.001 | F(4, 116) = 2.6, p = 0.042 | F(4, 116) = 8.1, p < 0.001 | All p < 0.001 | |
| Time to door push post-bell | |||||
| L | independent 1-sample t tests with Holm- Bonferroni correction | compared to chance (1/2): from left to right: p > 0.99, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p > 0.99, p > 0.99, p < 001, p > 0.99, p > 0.99, p > 0.99 | |||
| Correct first door choices post-bell | |||||
| M | compared to chance (1/3): From left to right: p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p > 0.99, p < 0.001, p > 0.99, p > 0.99, p < 0.001, p > 0.99, p > 0.99, p < 0.001, p > 0.99 | ||||
| Correct first foraging post-bell | |||||
a
Note: post hoc tests were based on estimated marginal means and corrected using the Tukey-Kramer method.