Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Variables | Total | Male | Female | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 540 | 388 | 152 | - |
| Age (years) | 40.1 ± 15.7 | 39.3 ± 16.0 | 42.3 ± 14.6 | 0.217 |
| BMI (kg/ m2) | 24.7 ± 3.9 | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 24.7 ± 4.6 | 0.895 |
| WC (cm) | 86.6 ± 10.5 | 86.7 ± 10.1 | 86.5 ± 11.6 | 0.882 |
| HC (cm) | 92.8 ± 8.2 | 93.1 ± 7.8 | 92.1 ± 9.4 | 0.441 |
| WHR | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.08 | 0.463 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 104.7 ± 27.7 | 97.3 ± 15.6 | 130.2 ± 42.1 | 0.000 |
| ALT (U/L) | 30.4 ± 15.0 | 30.3 ± 13.5 | 30.6 ± 19.2 | 0.916 |
| AST (U/L) | 30.9 ± 13.5 | 29.4 ± 11.1 | 35.1 ± 18.5 | 0.008 |
| GGT (U/L) | 31.7 ± 24.5 | 33.2 ± 26.8 | 26.8 ± 14.6 | 0.107 |
| ALP (U/L) | 100.4 ± 44.8 | 101.4 ± 45.4 | 97.4 ± 43.5 | 0.583 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 190.9 ± 123.7 | 205.1 ± 127.6 | 150.9 ± 103.2 | 0.010 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 212.5 ± 96.1 | 201.7 ± 88.5 | 241.7 ± 110.0 | 0.012 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. P-values are obtained from the independent sample t-test in comparison between male–female groups.