Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study participants in the BMI and WC groups.
| Variables | Body mass index (BMI) | Waist circumference (WC) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Overweight | Obesity | P-value | Normal | Obesity | P-value | |
| N | 173 | 259 | 108 | - | 296 | 244 | - |
| Sex (m/f) | 121/52 | 200/59 | 67/41 | - | 245/51 | 143/101 | - |
| Age (years) | 37.8 ± 17.4 | 40.7 ± 15.3 | 42.2 ± 13.7 | 0.299 | 37.3 ± 16.2 | 43.5 ± 14.4 | 0.003 |
| BMI (kg/ m2) | 20.5 ± 1.8 | 25.1 ± 1.2 | 30.5 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 | 22.7 ± 2.8 | 27.1 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 78.1 ± 8.3 | 88.1 ± 7.6 | 97.7 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 | 79.6 ± 6.8 | 95.3 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 86.8 ± 6.2 | 93.5 ± 6.0 | 101.5 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 | 88.2 ± 6.1 | 98.5 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.96 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 98.9 ± 13.5 | 103.1 ± 21.2 | 125.8 ± 54.1 | 0.006 | 99.4 ± 13.3 | 114.8 ± 42.1 | 0.010 |
| ALT (U/L) | 26.7 ± 10.5 | 30.7 ± 15.0 | 35.6 ± 19.8 | 0.011 | 29.6 ± 12.5 | 31.4 ± 17.8 | 0.411 |
| AST (U/L) | 27.6 ± 9.8 | 31.3 ± 14.7 | 34.7 ± 14.7 | 0.024 | 29.0 ± 10.7 | 33.2 ± 16.1 | 0.027 |
| GGT (U/L) | 24.9 ± 12.7 | 34.9 ± 29.8 | 35.4 ± 24.7 | 0.022 | 27.7 ± 17.5 | 35.5 ± 28.8 | 0.019 |
| ALP (U/L) | 96.2 ± 38.9 | 99.6 ± 45.5 | 104.2 ± 50.5 | 0.660 | 99.3 ± 47.9 | 101.7 ± 40.9 | 0.705 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 160.9 ± 85.6 | 197.6 ± 135.8 | 213.9 ± 127.1 | 0.071 | 179.5 ± 109.5 | 204.6 ± 138.4 | 0.178 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 201.6 ± 87.8 | 223.6 ± 93.4 | 234.6 ± 109.8 | 0.207 | 190.1 ± 83.7 | 237.4 ± 104.0 | 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P-values are obtained from the independent sample t-test in the WC groups and one-way ANOVA in the BMI groups.