Table 5.

The categories, subcategories, and sub-subcategories in the qualitative stage.

Category	Subcategory	Sub-subcategory
Physical management	Medical methods
	Traditional medicine methods
Psychological Management	Avoidance-based management	✓ Mental avoidance ✓ Behavioral avoidance
	Courageous management	✓ Resilience ✓ Optimism ✓ Spiritual adaptation
Interpersonal resources	Family support	✓ Sympathy ✓ Presence ✓ Understanding ✓ Helping
	Social support	✓ Peer support ✓ School authorities’ support